tpotce/docker/tanner/snare/dist/pages/1/daa46086e723bb57ddefdf269b54bc94
2018-08-14 14:20:55 +00:00

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<h1 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#signing-commits-with-gpg" id="user-content-signing-commits-with-gpg"></a>Signing commits with GPG</h1>
<p dir="auto">NOTE: <strong>Note:</strong>
The term GPG is used for all OpenPGP/PGP/GPG related material and
implementations.</p>
<blockquote dir="auto">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/9546" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Introduced</a> in GitLab 9.5.</li>
<li>Subkeys support was added in GitLab 10.1.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p dir="auto">GitLab can show whether a commit is verified or not when signed with a GPG key.
All you need to do is upload the public GPG key in your profile settings.</p>
<p dir="auto">GPG verified tags are not supported yet.</p>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#getting-started-with-gpg" id="user-content-getting-started-with-gpg"></a>Getting started with GPG</h2>
<p dir="auto">Here are a few guides to get you started with GPG:</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Git Tools - Signing Your Work</a></li>
<li><a href="https://riseup.net/en/security/message-security/openpgp/gpg-keys" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Managing OpenPGP Keys</a></li>
<li><a href="https://riseup.net/en/security/message-security/openpgp/best-practices" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">OpenPGP Best Practices</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.void.gr/kargig/blog/2013/12/02/creating-a-new-gpg-key-with-subkeys/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Creating a new GPG key with subkeys</a> (advanced)</li>
</ul>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#how-gitlab-handles-gpg" id="user-content-how-gitlab-handles-gpg"></a>How GitLab handles GPG</h2>
<p dir="auto">GitLab uses its own keyring to verify the GPG signature. It does not access any
public key server.</p>
<p dir="auto">In order to have a commit verified on GitLab the corresponding public key needs
to be uploaded to GitLab. For a signature to be verified three conditions need
to be met:</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>The public key needs to be added your GitLab account</li>
<li>One of the emails in the GPG key matches a <strong>verified</strong> email address you use in GitLab</li>
<li>The committer's email matches the verified email from the gpg key</li>
</ol>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#generating-a-gpg-key" id="user-content-generating-a-gpg-key"></a>Generating a GPG key</h2>
<blockquote dir="auto">
<p><strong>Notes:</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>If your Operating System has <code>gpg2</code> installed, replace <code>gpg</code> with <code>gpg2</code> in
the following commands.</li>
<li>If Git is using <code>gpg</code> and you get errors like <code>secret key not available</code> or
<code>gpg: signing failed: secret key not available</code>, run the following command to
change to <code>gpg2</code>:
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">git config --global gpg.program gpg2</span></code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">If you don't already have a GPG key, the following steps will help you get
started:</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.gnupg.org/download/index.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Install GPG</a> for your operating system</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Generate the private/public key pair with the following command:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight shell" lang="shell" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="shell">gpg <span class="nt">--full-gen-key</span></span></code></pre>
<p>This will spawn a series of questions.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The first question is which algorithm can be used. Select the kind you want
or press <kbd>Enter</kbd> to choose the default (RSA and RSA):</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">Please select what kind of key you want:</span>
<span class="line" id="LC2" lang="plaintext"> (1) RSA and RSA (default)</span>
<span class="line" id="LC3" lang="plaintext"> (2) DSA and Elgamal</span>
<span class="line" id="LC4" lang="plaintext"> (3) DSA (sign only)</span>
<span class="line" id="LC5" lang="plaintext"> (4) RSA (sign only)</span>
<span class="line" id="LC6" lang="plaintext">Your selection? 1</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>The next question is key length. We recommend to choose the highest value
which is <code>4096</code>:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.</span>
<span class="line" id="LC2" lang="plaintext">What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096</span>
<span class="line" id="LC3" lang="plaintext">Requested keysize is 4096 bits</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Next, you need to specify the validity period of your key. This is something
subjective, and you can use the default value which is to never expire:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">Please specify how long the key should be valid.</span>
<span class="line" id="LC2" lang="plaintext"> 0 = key does not expire</span>
<span class="line" id="LC3" lang="plaintext"> &lt;n&gt; = key expires in n days</span>
<span class="line" id="LC4" lang="plaintext"> &lt;n&gt;w = key expires in n weeks</span>
<span class="line" id="LC5" lang="plaintext"> &lt;n&gt;m = key expires in n months</span>
<span class="line" id="LC6" lang="plaintext"> &lt;n&gt;y = key expires in n years</span>
<span class="line" id="LC7" lang="plaintext">Key is valid for? (0) 0</span>
<span class="line" id="LC8" lang="plaintext">Key does not expire at all</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Confirm that the answers you gave were correct by typing <code>y</code>:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">Is this correct? (y/N) y</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Enter you real name, the email address to be associated with this key (should
match a verified email address you use in GitLab) and an optional comment
(press <kbd>Enter</kbd> to skip):</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.</span>
<span class="line" id="LC2" lang="plaintext"></span>
<span class="line" id="LC3" lang="plaintext">Real name: Mr. Robot</span>
<span class="line" id="LC4" lang="plaintext">Email address: mr@robot.sh</span>
<span class="line" id="LC5" lang="plaintext">Comment:</span>
<span class="line" id="LC6" lang="plaintext">You selected this USER-ID:</span>
<span class="line" id="LC7" lang="plaintext"> "Mr. Robot &lt;mr@robot.sh&gt;"</span>
<span class="line" id="LC8" lang="plaintext"></span>
<span class="line" id="LC9" lang="plaintext">Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Pick a strong password when asked and type it twice to confirm.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Use the following command to list the private GPG key you just created:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG mr@robot.sh</span></code></pre>
<p>Replace <code>mr@robot.sh</code> with the email address you entered above.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Copy the GPG key ID that starts with <code>sec</code>. In the following example, that's
<code>30F2B65B9246B6CA</code>:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">sec rsa4096/30F2B65B9246B6CA 2017-08-18 [SC]</span>
<span class="line" id="LC2" lang="plaintext"> D5E4F29F3275DC0CDA8FFC8730F2B65B9246B6CA</span>
<span class="line" id="LC3" lang="plaintext">uid [ultimate] Mr. Robot &lt;mr@robot.sh&gt;</span>
<span class="line" id="LC4" lang="plaintext">ssb rsa4096/B7ABC0813E4028C0 2017-08-18 [E]</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Export the public key of that ID (replace your key ID from the previous step):</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">gpg --armor --export 30F2B65B9246B6CA</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finally, copy the public key and <a href="#adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account">add it in your profile settings</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account" id="user-content-adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account"></a>Adding a GPG key to your account</h2>
<blockquote dir="auto">
<p><strong>Note:</strong>
Once you add a key, you cannot edit it, only remove it. In case the paste
didn't work, you'll have to remove the offending key and re-add it.</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="auto">You can add a GPG key in your profile's settings:</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>
<p>On the upper right corner, click on your avatar and go to your <strong>Settings</strong>.</p>
<p><a class="no-attachment-icon" href="/profile/img/profile_settings_dropdown.png" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="Settings dropdown" class="lazy" data-src="../../../profile/img/profile_settings_dropdown.png" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="/></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Navigate to the <strong>GPG keys</strong> tab and paste your <em>public</em> key in the 'Key'
box.</p>
<p><a class="no-attachment-icon" href="/img/profile_settings_gpg_keys_paste_pub.png" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="Paste GPG public key" class="lazy" data-src="img/profile_settings_gpg_keys_paste_pub.png" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="/></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finally, click on <strong>Add key</strong> to add it to GitLab. You will be able to see
its fingerprint, the corresponding email address and creation date.</p>
<p><a class="no-attachment-icon" href="/img/profile_settings_gpg_keys_single_key.png" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="GPG key single page" class="lazy" data-src="img/profile_settings_gpg_keys_single_key.png" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="/></a></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#associating-your-gpg-key-with-git" id="user-content-associating-your-gpg-key-with-git"></a>Associating your GPG key with Git</h2>
<p dir="auto">After you have <a href="#generating-a-gpg-key">created your GPG key</a> and <a href="#adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account">added it to
your account</a>, it's time to tell Git which
key to use.</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>
<p>Use the following command to list the private GPG key you just created:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG mr@robot.sh</span></code></pre>
<p>Replace <code>mr@robot.sh</code> with the email address you entered above.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Copy the GPG key ID that starts with <code>sec</code>. In the following example, that's
<code>30F2B65B9246B6CA</code>:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">sec rsa4096/30F2B65B9246B6CA 2017-08-18 [SC]</span>
<span class="line" id="LC2" lang="plaintext"> D5E4F29F3275DC0CDA8FFC8730F2B65B9246B6CA</span>
<span class="line" id="LC3" lang="plaintext">uid [ultimate] Mr. Robot &lt;mr@robot.sh&gt;</span>
<span class="line" id="LC4" lang="plaintext">ssb rsa4096/B7ABC0813E4028C0 2017-08-18 [E]</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tell Git to use that key to sign the commits:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">git config --global user.signingkey 30F2B65B9246B6CA</span></code></pre>
<p>Replace <code>30F2B65B9246B6CA</code> with your GPG key ID.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#signing-commits" id="user-content-signing-commits"></a>Signing commits</h2>
<p dir="auto">After you have <a href="#generating-a-gpg-key">created your GPG key</a> and <a href="#adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account">added it to
your account</a>, you can start signing your
commits:</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>
<p>Commit like you used to, the only difference is the addition of the <code>-S</code> flag:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">git commit -S -m "My commit msg"</span></code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Enter the passphrase of your GPG key when asked.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Push to GitLab and check that your commits <a href="#verifying-commits">are verified</a>.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p dir="auto">If you don't want to type the <code>-S</code> flag every time you commit, you can tell Git
to sign your commits automatically:</p>
<pre class="code highlight js-syntax-highlight plaintext" lang="plaintext" v-pre="true"><code><span class="line" id="LC1" lang="plaintext">git config --global commit.gpgsign true</span></code></pre>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#verifying-commits" id="user-content-verifying-commits"></a>Verifying commits</h2>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>
<p>Within a project or <a href="/merge_requests/index.md">merge request</a>, navigate to
the <strong>Commits</strong> tab. Signed commits will show a badge containing either
"Verified" or "Unverified", depending on the verification status of the GPG
signature.</p>
<p><a class="no-attachment-icon" href="/img/project_signed_and_unsigned_commits.png" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="Signed and unsigned commits" class="lazy" data-src="img/project_signed_and_unsigned_commits.png" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="/></a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>By clicking on the GPG badge, details of the signature are displayed.</p>
<p><a class="no-attachment-icon" href="/img/project_signed_commit_verified_signature.png" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="Signed commit with verified signature" class="lazy" data-src="img/project_signed_commit_verified_signature.png" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="/></a></p>
<p><a class="no-attachment-icon" href="/img/project_signed_commit_unverified_signature.png" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="Signed commit with verified signature" class="lazy" data-src="img/project_signed_commit_unverified_signature.png" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="/></a></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#revoking-a-gpg-key" id="user-content-revoking-a-gpg-key"></a>Revoking a GPG key</h2>
<p dir="auto">Revoking a key <strong>unverifies</strong> already signed commits. Commits that were
verified by using this key will change to an unverified state. Future commits
will also stay unverified once you revoke this key. This action should be used
in case your key has been compromised.</p>
<p dir="auto">To revoke a GPG key:</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>On the upper right corner, click on your avatar and go to your <strong>Settings</strong>.</li>
<li>Navigate to the <strong>GPG keys</strong> tab.</li>
<li>Click on <strong>Revoke</strong> besides the GPG key you want to delete.</li>
</ol>
<h2 dir="auto">
<a aria-hidden="true" class="anchor" href="#removing-a-gpg-key" id="user-content-removing-a-gpg-key"></a>Removing a GPG key</h2>
<p dir="auto">Removing a key <strong>does not unverify</strong> already signed commits. Commits that were
verified by using this key will stay verified. Only unpushed commits will stay
unverified once you remove this key. To unverify already signed commits, you need
to <a href="#revoking-a-gpg-key">revoke the associated GPG key</a> from your account.</p>
<p dir="auto">To remove a GPG key from your account:</p>
<ol dir="auto">
<li>On the upper right corner, click on your avatar and go to your <strong>Settings</strong>.</li>
<li>Navigate to the <strong>GPG keys</strong> tab.</li>
<li>Click on the trash icon besides the GPG key you want to delete.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>