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<html lang="en"><head><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/><link href="/images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><title>Apache Tomcat 8 (8.5.32) - Manager App HOW-TO</title><meta content="Craig R. McClanahan" name="author"/><script data-comments-identifier="tomcat-8.5-doc/manager-howto" type="application/javascript">
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</script></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="/images/tomcat.png"/></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="http://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img alt="The Apache Software Foundation" src="/images/asf-logo.svg" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"/></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8</h1><div class="versionInfo">
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Version 8.5.32,
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<time datetime="2018-06-20">Jun 20 2018</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div class="noprint" id="mainLeft"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="/index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="/introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="/appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="/deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="/manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="/host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="/realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="/security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="/class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="/jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="/ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="/ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="/cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="/proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="/default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="/cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="/balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="/connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="/monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="/logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="/apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="/virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="/aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="/extras.html">27) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="/maven-jars.html">28) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="/security-howto.html">29) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="/windows-service-howto.html">30) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="/windows-auth-howto.html">31) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="/jdbc-pool.html">32) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="/web-socket-howto.html">33) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="/rewrite.html">34) Rewrite</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="/config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="/api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="/building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="/changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="/developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="/architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="/funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="/tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Manager App HOW-TO</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
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<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Configuring_Manager_Application_Access">Configuring Manager Application Access</a></li><li><a href="#HTML_User-friendly_Interface">HTML User-friendly Interface</a></li><li><a href="#Supported_Manager_Commands">Supported Manager Commands</a><ol><li><a href="#Common_Parameters">Common Parameters</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_A_New_Application_Archive_(WAR)_Remotely">Deploy A New Application Archive (WAR) Remotely</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_A_New_Application_from_a_Local_Path">Deploy A New Application from a Local Path</a><ol><li><a href="#Deploy_a_previously_deployed_webapp">Deploy a previously deployed webapp</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_a_Directory_or_WAR_by_URL">Deploy a Directory or WAR by URL</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_a_Directory_or_War_from_the_Host_appBase">Deploy a Directory or War from the Host appBase</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_using_a_Context_configuration_%22.xml%22_file">Deploy using a Context configuration ".xml" file</a></li><li><a href="#Deployment_Notes">Deployment Notes</a></li><li><a href="#Deploy_Response">Deploy Response</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#List_Currently_Deployed_Applications">List Currently Deployed Applications</a></li><li><a href="#Reload_An_Existing_Application">Reload An Existing Application</a></li><li><a href="#List_OS_and_JVM_Properties">List OS and JVM Properties</a></li><li><a href="#List_Available_Global_JNDI_Resources">List Available Global JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="#Session_Statistics">Session Statistics</a></li><li><a href="#Expire_Sessions">Expire Sessions</a></li><li><a href="#Start_an_Existing_Application">Start an Existing Application</a></li><li><a href="#Stop_an_Existing_Application">Stop an Existing Application</a></li><li><a href="#Undeploy_an_Existing_Application">Undeploy an Existing Application</a></li><li><a href="#Finding_memory_leaks">Finding memory leaks</a></li><li><a href="#Connector_SSL/TLS_cipher_information">Connector SSL/TLS cipher information</a></li><li><a href="#Connector_SSL/TLS_certificate_chain_information">Connector SSL/TLS certificate chain information</a></li><li><a href="#Connector_SSL/TLS_trusted_certificate_information">Connector SSL/TLS trusted certificate information</a></li><li><a href="#Thread_Dump">Thread Dump</a></li><li><a href="#VM_Info">VM Info</a></li><li><a href="#Save_Configuration">Save Configuration</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Server_Status">Server Status</a></li><li><a href="#Using_the_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">Using the JMX Proxy Servlet</a><ol><li><a href="#What_is_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">What is JMX Proxy Servlet</a></li><li><a href="#JMX_Query_command">JMX Query command</a></li><li><a href="#JMX_Get_command">JMX Get command</a></li><li><a href="#JMX_Set_command">JMX Set command</a></li><li><a href="#JMX_Invoke_command">JMX Invoke command</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Executing_Manager_Commands_With_Ant">Executing Manager Commands With Ant</a><ol><li><a href="#Tasks_output_capture">Tasks output capture</a></li></ol></li></ul>
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</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
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<p>In many production environments, it is very useful to have the capability
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to deploy a new web application, or undeploy an existing one, without having
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to shut down and restart the entire container. In addition, you can request
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an existing application to reload itself, even if you have not declared it
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to be <code>reloadable</code> in the Tomcat server
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configuration file.</p>
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<p>To support these capabilities, Tomcat includes a web application
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(installed by default on context path <code>/manager</code>) that supports
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the following functions:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Deploy a new web application from the uploaded contents of a WAR file.</li>
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<li>Deploy a new web application, on a specified context path, from the
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server file system.</li>
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<li>List the currently deployed web applications, as well as the
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sessions that are currently active for those web apps.</li>
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<li>Reload an existing web application, to reflect changes in the
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contents of <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> or <code>/WEB-INF/lib</code>.
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</li>
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<li>List the OS and JVM property values.</li>
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<li>List the available global JNDI resources, for use in deployment
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tools that are preparing <code><ResourceLink></code> elements
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nested in a <code><Context></code> deployment description.</li>
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<li>Start a stopped application (thus making it available again).</li>
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<li>Stop an existing application (so that it becomes unavailable), but
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do not undeploy it.</li>
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<li>Undeploy a deployed web application and delete its document base
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directory (unless it was deployed from file system).</li>
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</ul>
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<p>A default Tomcat installation includes the Manager. To add an instance of the
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Manager web application <code>Context</code> to a new host install the
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<code>manager.xml</code> context configuration file in the
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<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]</code> folder. Here is an
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example:</p>
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<div class="codeBox"><pre><code><Context privileged="true" antiResourceLocking="false"
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docBase="${catalina.home}/webapps/manager">
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<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
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allow="127\.0\.0\.1" />
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</Context></code></pre></div>
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<p>If you have Tomcat configured to support multiple virtual hosts
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(websites) you would need to configure a Manager for each.</p>
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<p>There are three ways to use the <strong>Manager</strong> web application.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>As an application with a user interface you use in your browser.
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Here is an example URL where you can replace <code>localhost</code> with
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your website host name: <code>http://localhost:8080/manager/html</code> .</li>
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<li>A minimal version using HTTP requests only which is suitable for use
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by scripts setup by system administrators. Commands are given as part of the
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request URI, and responses are in the form of simple text that can be easily
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parsed and processed. See <a href="#Supported_Manager_Commands">
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Supported Manager Commands</a> for more information.</li>
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<li>A convenient set of task definitions for the <em>Ant</em>
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(version 1.4 or later) build tool. See
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<a href="#Executing_Manager_Commands_With_Ant">Executing Manager Commands
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With Ant</a> for more information.</li>
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</ul>
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</div><h3 id="Configuring_Manager_Application_Access">Configuring Manager Application Access</h3><div class="text">
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<p><em>The description below uses the variable name $CATALINA_BASE to refer the
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base directory against which most relative paths are resolved. If you have
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not configured Tomcat for multiple instances by setting a CATALINA_BASE
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directory, then $CATALINA_BASE will be set to the value of $CATALINA_HOME,
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the directory into which you have installed Tomcat.</em></p>
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<p>It would be quite unsafe to ship Tomcat with default settings that allowed
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anyone on the Internet to execute the Manager application on your server.
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Therefore, the Manager application is shipped with the requirement that anyone
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who attempts to use it must authenticate themselves, using a username and
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password that have one of <strong>manager-xxx</strong> roles associated with
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them (the role name depends on what functionality is required).
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Further, there is no username in the default users file
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(<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>) that is assigned to those
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roles. Therefore, access to the Manager application is completely disabled
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by default.</p>
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<p>You can find the role names in the <code>web.xml</code> file of the Manager
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web application. The available roles are:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>manager-gui</strong> — Access to the HTML interface.</li>
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<li><strong>manager-status</strong> — Access to the "Server Status"
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page only.</li>
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<li><strong>manager-script</strong> — Access to the tools-friendly
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plain text interface that is described in this document,
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and to the "Server Status" page.</li>
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<li><strong>manager-jmx</strong> — Access to JMX proxy interface
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and to the "Server Status" page.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The HTML interface is protected against CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
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attacks, but the text and JMX interfaces cannot be protected. It means that
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users who are allowed access to the text and JMX interfaces have to be cautious
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when accessing the Manager application with a web browser.
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To maintain the CSRF protection:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>If you use web browser to access the Manager application using
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a user that has either <strong>manager-script</strong> or
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<strong>manager-jmx</strong> roles (for example for testing
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the plain text or JMX interfaces), you MUST close all windows
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of the browser afterwards to terminate the session.
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If you do not close the browser and visit other sites, you may become
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victim of a CSRF attack.</li>
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<li>It is recommended to never grant
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the <strong>manager-script</strong> or <strong>manager-jmx</strong>
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roles to users that have the <strong>manager-gui</strong> role.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Note</strong> that JMX proxy interface is effectively low-level root-like
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administrative interface of Tomcat. One can do a lot, if he knows
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what commands to call. You should be cautious when enabling the
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<strong>manager-jmx</strong> role.</p>
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<p>To enable access to the Manager web application, you must either create
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a new username/password combination and associate one of the
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<strong>manager-xxx</strong> roles with it, or add a
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<strong>manager-xxx</strong> role
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to some existing username/password combination.
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As the majority of this document describes the using the text interface, this
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example will use the role name <strong>manager-script</strong>.
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Exactly how the usernames/passwords are configured depends on which
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<a href="/config/realm.html">Realm implementation</a> you are using:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><em>UserDatabaseRealm</em> plus <em>MemoryUserDatabase</em>, or <em>MemoryRealm</em>
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— The <em>UserDatabaseRealm</em> and <em>MemoryUserDatabase</em> are
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configured in the default <code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml</code>.
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Both <em>MemoryUserDatabase</em> and <em>MemoryRealm</em> read an
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XML-format file by default stored at
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<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/tomcat-users.xml</code>, which can be
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edited with any text editor. This file contains an XML
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<code><user></code> for each individual user, which might
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look something like this:
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<div class="codeBox"><pre><code><user username="craigmcc" password="secret" roles="standard,manager-script" /></code></pre></div>
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which defines the username and password used by this individual to
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log on, and the role names he or she is associated with. You can
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add the <strong>manager-script</strong> role to the comma-delimited
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<code>roles</code> attribute for one or more existing users, and/or
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create new users with that assigned role.</li>
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<li><em>DataSourceRealm</em> or <em>JDBCRealm</em>
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— Your user and role information is stored in
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a database accessed via JDBC. Add the <strong>manager-script</strong> role
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to one or more existing users, and/or create one or more new users
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with this role assigned, following the standard procedures for your
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environment.</li>
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<li><em>JNDIRealm</em> — Your user and role information is stored in
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a directory server accessed via LDAP. Add the
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<strong>manager-script</strong> role to one or more existing users,
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and/or create one or more new users with this role assigned, following
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the standard procedures for your environment.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The first time you attempt to issue one of the Manager commands
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described in the next section, you will be challenged to log on using
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BASIC authentication. The username and password you enter do not matter,
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as long as they identify a valid user in the users database who possesses
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the role <strong>manager-script</strong>.</p>
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<p>In addition to the password restrictions, access to the Manager web
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application can be restricted by the <strong>remote IP address</strong> or host
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by adding a <code>RemoteAddrValve</code> or <code>RemoteHostValve</code>.
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See <a href="config/valve.html#Remote_Address_Filter">valves documentation</a>
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for details. Here is
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an example of restricting access to the localhost by IP address:</p>
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<div class="codeBox"><pre><code><Context privileged="true">
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<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve"
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allow="127\.0\.0\.1"/>
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</Context></code></pre></div>
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</div><h3 id="HTML_User-friendly_Interface">HTML User-friendly Interface</h3><div class="text">
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<p>The user-friendly HTML interface of Manager web application is located at</p>
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<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://{host}:{port}/manager/html</code></pre></div>
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<p>As has already been mentioned above, you need <strong>manager-gui</strong>
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role to be allowed to access it. There is a separate document that provides
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help on this interface. See:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/html-manager-howto.html">HTML Manager documentation</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>The HTML interface is protected against CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
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attacks. Each access to the HTML pages generates a random token, which is
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stored in your session and is included in all links on the page. If your next
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|
action does not have correct value of the token, the action will be denied.
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If the token has expired you can start again from the main page or
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<em>List Applications</em> page of Manager.</p>
|
|
</div><h3 id="Supported_Manager_Commands">Supported Manager Commands</h3><div class="text">
|
|
<p>All commands that the Manager application knows how to process are
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|
specified in a single request URI like this:</p>
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<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://{host}:{port}/manager/text/{command}?{parameters}</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>where <code>{host}</code> and <code>{port}</code> represent the hostname
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and port number on which Tomcat is running, <code>{command}</code>
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represents the Manager command you wish to execute, and
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|
<code>{parameters}</code> represents the query parameters
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|
that are specific to that command. In the illustrations below, customize
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|
the host and port appropriately for your installation.</p>
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<p>The commands are usually executed by HTTP GET requests. The
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<code>/deploy</code> command has a form that is executed by an HTTP PUT request.</p>
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<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Common_Parameters">Common Parameters</h4><div class="text">
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<p>Most commands accept one or more of the following query parameters:</p>
|
|
<ul>
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<li><strong>path</strong> - The context path (including the leading slash)
|
|
of the web application you are dealing with. To select the ROOT web
|
|
application, specify "/". <strong>NOTE</strong>:
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|
It is not possible to perform administrative commands on the
|
|
Manager application itself.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>version</strong> - The version of this web application as used by
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|
the <a href="/config/context.html">parallel deployment</a> feature. If you
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|
use parallel deployment wherever a path is required you must specify a
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|
version in addition to the path and it is the combination of path and
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version that must be unique rather than just the path.</li>
|
|
<li><strong>war</strong> - URL of a web application archive (WAR) file, or
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|
pathname of a directory which contains the web application, or a
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|
Context configuration ".xml" file. You can use URLs in any of the
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|
following formats:
|
|
<ul>
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|
<li><strong>file:/absolute/path/to/a/directory</strong> - The absolute
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|
path of a directory that contains the unpacked version of a web
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application. This directory will be attached to the context path
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you specify without any changes.</li>
|
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<li><strong>file:/absolute/path/to/a/webapp.war</strong> - The absolute
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path of a web application archive (WAR) file. This is valid
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<strong>only</strong> for the <code>/deploy</code> command, and is
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the only acceptable format to that command.</li>
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|
<li><strong>file:/absolute/path/to/a/context.xml</strong> - The
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|
absolute path of a web application Context configuration ".xml"
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file which contains the Context configuration element.</li>
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<li><strong>directory</strong> - The directory name for the web
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application context in the Host's application base directory.</li>
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|
<li><strong>webapp.war</strong> - The name of a web application war file
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located in the Host's application base directory.</li>
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</ul></li>
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</ul>
|
|
<p>Each command will return a response in <code>text/plain</code> format
|
|
(i.e. plain ASCII with no HTML markup), making it easy for both humans and
|
|
programs to read). The first line of the response will begin with either
|
|
<code>OK</code> or <code>FAIL</code>, indicating whether the requested
|
|
command was successful or not. In the case of failure, the rest of the first
|
|
line will contain a description of the problem that was encountered. Some
|
|
commands include additional lines of information as described below.</p>
|
|
<p><em>Internationalization Note</em> - The Manager application looks up
|
|
its message strings in resource bundles, so it is possible that the strings
|
|
have been translated for your platform. The examples below show the English
|
|
version of the messages.</p>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_A_New_Application_Archive_(WAR)_Remotely">Deploy A New Application Archive (WAR) Remotely</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/foo</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Upload the web application archive (WAR) file that is specified as the
|
|
request data in this HTTP PUT request, install it into the <code>appBase</code>
|
|
directory of our corresponding virtual host, and start, deriving the name for
|
|
the WAR file added to the <code>appBase</code> from the specified path. The
|
|
application can later be undeployed (and the corresponding WAR file removed) by
|
|
use of the <code>/undeploy</code> command.</p>
|
|
<p>This command is executed by an HTTP PUT request.</p>
|
|
<p>The .WAR file may include Tomcat specific deployment configuration, by
|
|
including a Context configuration XML file in
|
|
<code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>URL parameters include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>update</code>: When set to true, any existing update will be
|
|
undeployed first. The default value is set to false.</li>
|
|
<li><code>tag</code>: Specifying a tag name, this allows associating the
|
|
deployed webapp with a tag or label. If the web application is undeployed,
|
|
it can be later redeployed when needed using only the tag.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p><strong>NOTE</strong> - This command is the logical
|
|
opposite of the <code>/undeploy</code> command.</p>
|
|
<p>If installation and startup is successful, you will receive a response
|
|
like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Deployed application at context path /foo</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
|
|
error message. Possible causes for problems include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Application already exists at path /foo</em>
|
|
<p>The context paths for all currently running web applications must be
|
|
unique. Therefore, you must undeploy the existing web
|
|
application using this context path, or choose a different context path
|
|
for the new one. The <code>update</code> parameter may be specified as
|
|
a parameter on the URL, with a value of <code>true</code> to avoid this
|
|
error. In that case, an undeploy will be performed on an existing
|
|
application before performing the deployment.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
|
|
<p>An exception was encountered trying to start the new web application.
|
|
Check the Tomcat logs for the details, but likely explanations include
|
|
problems parsing your <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file, or missing
|
|
classes encountered when initializing application event listeners and
|
|
filters.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_A_New_Application_from_a_Local_Path">Deploy A New Application from a Local Path</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>Deploy and start a new web application, attached to the specified context
|
|
<code>path</code> (which must not be in use by any other web application).
|
|
This command is the logical opposite of the <code>/undeploy</code> command.</p>
|
|
<p>This command is executed by an HTTP GET request.
|
|
There are a number of different ways the deploy command can be used.</p>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_a_previously_deployed_webapp">Deploy a previously deployed webapp</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/footoo&tag=footag</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>This can be used to deploy a previously deployed web application, which
|
|
has been deployed using the <code>tag</code> attribute. Note that the work
|
|
directory of the Manager webapp will contain the previously deployed WARs;
|
|
removing it would make the deployment fail.</p>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_a_Directory_or_WAR_by_URL">Deploy a Directory or WAR by URL</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>Deploy a web application directory or ".war" file located on the Tomcat
|
|
server. If no <code>path</code> is specified, the path and version are derived
|
|
from the directory name or the war file name. The <code>war</code> parameter
|
|
specifies a URL (including the <code>file:</code> scheme) for either
|
|
a directory or a web application archive (WAR) file. The supported syntax for
|
|
a URL referring to a WAR file is described on the Javadocs page for the
|
|
<code>java.net.JarURLConnection</code> class. Use only URLs that refer to
|
|
the entire WAR file.</p>
|
|
<p>In this example the web application located in the directory
|
|
<code>/path/to/foo</code> on the Tomcat server is deployed as the
|
|
web application context named <code>/footoo</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/footoo&war=file:/path/to/foo</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>In this example the ".war" file <code>/path/to/bar.war</code> on the
|
|
Tomcat server is deployed as the web application context named
|
|
<code>/bar</code>. Notice that there is no <code>path</code> parameter
|
|
so the context path defaults to the name of the web application archive
|
|
file without the ".war" extension.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?war=file:/path/to/bar.war</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_a_Directory_or_War_from_the_Host_appBase">Deploy a Directory or War from the Host appBase</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>Deploy a web application directory or ".war" file located in your Host
|
|
appBase directory. The path and optional version are derived from the directory
|
|
or war file name.</p>
|
|
<p>In this example the web application located in a sub directory named
|
|
<code>foo</code> in the Host appBase directory of the Tomcat server is
|
|
deployed as the web application context named <code>/foo</code>. Notice
|
|
that the context path used is the name of the web application directory.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?war=foo</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>In this example the ".war" file <code>bar.war</code> located in your
|
|
Host appBase directory on the Tomcat server is deployed as the web
|
|
application context named <code>/bar</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?war=bar.war</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id='Deploy_using_a_Context_configuration_".xml"_file'>Deploy using a Context configuration ".xml" file</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>If the Host deployXML flag is set to true you can deploy a web
|
|
application using a Context configuration ".xml" file and an optional
|
|
".war" file or web application directory. The context <code>path</code>
|
|
is not used when deploying a web application using a context ".xml"
|
|
configuration file.</p>
|
|
<p>A Context configuration ".xml" file can contain valid XML for a
|
|
web application Context just as if it were configured in your
|
|
Tomcat <code>server.xml</code> configuration file. Here is an
|
|
example:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code><Context path="/foobar" docBase="/path/to/application/foobar">
|
|
</Context></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>When the optional <code>war</code> parameter is set to the URL
|
|
for a web application ".war" file or directory it overrides any
|
|
docBase configured in the context configuration ".xml" file.</p>
|
|
<p>Here is an example of deploying an application using a Context
|
|
configuration ".xml" file.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?config=file:/path/context.xml</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Here is an example of deploying an application using a Context
|
|
configuration ".xml" file and a web application ".war" file located
|
|
on the server.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy
|
|
?config=file:/path/context.xml&war=file:/path/bar.war</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deployment_Notes">Deployment Notes</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>If the Host is configured with unpackWARs=true and you deploy a war
|
|
file, the war will be unpacked into a directory in your Host appBase
|
|
directory.</p>
|
|
<p>If the application war or directory is installed in your Host appBase
|
|
directory and either the Host is configured with autoDeploy=true or the
|
|
Context path must match the directory name or war file name without the
|
|
".war" extension.</p>
|
|
<p>For security when untrusted users can manage web applications, the
|
|
Host deployXML flag can be set to false. This prevents untrusted users
|
|
from deploying web applications using a configuration XML file and
|
|
also prevents them from deploying application directories or ".war"
|
|
files located outside of their Host appBase.</p>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Deploy_Response">Deploy Response</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>If installation and startup is successful, you will receive a response
|
|
like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Deployed application at context path /foo</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
|
|
error message. Possible causes for problems include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Application already exists at path /foo</em>
|
|
<p>The context paths for all currently running web applications must be
|
|
unique. Therefore, you must undeploy the existing web
|
|
application using this context path, or choose a different context path
|
|
for the new one. The <code>update</code> parameter may be specified as
|
|
a parameter on the URL, with a value of <code>true</code> to avoid this
|
|
error. In that case, an undeploy will be performed on an existing
|
|
application before performing the deployment.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Document base does not exist or is not a readable directory</em>
|
|
<p>The URL specified by the <code>war</code> parameter must identify a
|
|
directory on this server that contains the "unpacked" version of a
|
|
web application, or the absolute URL of a web application archive (WAR)
|
|
file that contains this application. Correct the value specified by
|
|
the <code>war</code> parameter.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
|
|
<p>An exception was encountered trying to start the new web application.
|
|
Check the Tomcat logs for the details, but likely explanations include
|
|
problems parsing your <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file, or missing
|
|
classes encountered when initializing application event listeners and
|
|
filters.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Invalid application URL was specified</em>
|
|
<p>The URL for the directory or web application that you specified
|
|
was not valid. Such URLs must start with <code>file:</code>, and URLs
|
|
for a WAR file must end in ".war".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
|
|
<p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
|
|
ROOT web application use "/".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Context path must match the directory or WAR file name:</em>
|
|
<p>If the application war or directory is installed in your Host appBase
|
|
directory and either the Host is configured with autoDeploy=true the
|
|
Context path must match the directory name or war file name without
|
|
the ".war" extension.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Only web applications in the Host web application directory can
|
|
be installed</em>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If the Host deployXML flag is set to false this error will happen
|
|
if an attempt is made to deploy a web application directory or
|
|
".war" file outside of the Host appBase directory.
|
|
</p></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="List_Currently_Deployed_Applications">List Currently Deployed Applications</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/list</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>List the context paths, current status (<code>running</code> or
|
|
<code>stopped</code>), and number of active sessions for all currently
|
|
deployed web applications. A typical response immediately
|
|
after starting Tomcat might look like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Listed applications for virtual host localhost
|
|
/webdav:running:0:webdav
|
|
/examples:running:0:examples
|
|
/manager:running:0:manager
|
|
/:running:0:ROOT
|
|
/test:running:0:test##2
|
|
/test:running:0:test##1</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Reload_An_Existing_Application">Reload An Existing Application</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/reload?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Signal an existing application to shut itself down and reload. This can
|
|
be useful when the web application context is not reloadable and you have
|
|
updated classes or property files in the <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code>
|
|
directory or when you have added or updated jar files in the
|
|
<code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> directory.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Reloaded application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
|
|
error message. Possible causes for problems include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
|
|
<p>An exception was encountered trying to restart the web application.
|
|
Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
|
|
<p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
|
|
ROOT web application use "/".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
|
|
<p>There is no deployed application on the context path
|
|
that you specified.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
|
|
</p></li>
|
|
<li><em>Reload not supported on WAR deployed at path /foo</em>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Currently, application reloading (to pick up changes to the classes or
|
|
<code>web.xml</code> file) is not supported when a web application is
|
|
deployed directly from a WAR file. It only works when the web application
|
|
is deployed from an unpacked directory. If you are using a WAR file,
|
|
you should <code>undeploy</code> and then <code>deploy</code> or
|
|
<code>deploy</code> with the <code>update</code> parameter the
|
|
application again to pick up your changes.
|
|
</p></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="List_OS_and_JVM_Properties">List OS and JVM Properties</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/serverinfo</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Lists information about the Tomcat version, OS, and JVM properties.</p>
|
|
<p>If an error occurs, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and
|
|
include an error message. Possible causes for problems include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
|
|
<p>An exception was encountered trying to enumerate the system properties.
|
|
Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="List_Available_Global_JNDI_Resources">List Available Global JNDI Resources</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/resources[?type=xxxxx]</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>List the global JNDI resources that are available for use in resource
|
|
links for context configuration files. If you specify the <code>type</code>
|
|
request parameter, the value must be the fully qualified Java class name of
|
|
the resource type you are interested in (for example, you would specify
|
|
<code>javax.sql.DataSource</code> to acquire the names of all available
|
|
JDBC data sources). If you do not specify the <code>type</code> request
|
|
parameter, resources of all types will be returned.</p>
|
|
<p>Depending on whether the <code>type</code> request parameter is specified
|
|
or not, the first line of a normal response will be:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Listed global resources of all types</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>or</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Listed global resources of type xxxxx</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>followed by one line for each resource. Each line is composed of fields
|
|
delimited by colon characters (":"), as follows:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Global Resource Name</em> - The name of this global JNDI resource,
|
|
which would be used in the <code>global</code> attribute of a
|
|
<code><ResourceLink></code> element.</li>
|
|
<li><em>Global Resource Type</em> - The fully qualified Java class name of
|
|
this global JNDI resource.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>If an error occurs, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and
|
|
include an error message. Possible causes for problems include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
|
|
<p>An exception was encountered trying to enumerate the global JNDI
|
|
resources. Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No global JNDI resources are available</em>
|
|
<p>The Tomcat server you are running has been configured without
|
|
global JNDI resources.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Session_Statistics">Session Statistics</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sessions?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Display the default session timeout for a web application, and the
|
|
number of currently active sessions that fall within one-minute ranges of
|
|
their actual timeout times. For example, after restarting Tomcat and then
|
|
executing one of the JSP samples in the <code>/examples</code> web app,
|
|
you might get something like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Session information for application at context path /examples
|
|
Default maximum session inactive interval 30 minutes
|
|
<1 minutes: 1 sessions
|
|
1 - <2 minutes: 1 sessions</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Expire_Sessions">Expire Sessions</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/expire?path=/examples&idle=num</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Display the session statistics (like the above <code>/sessions</code>
|
|
command) and expire sessions that are idle for longer than <code>num</code>
|
|
minutes. To expire all sessions, use <code>&idle=0</code> .</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Session information for application at context path /examples
|
|
Default maximum session inactive interval 30 minutes
|
|
1 - <2 minutes: 1 sessions
|
|
3 - <4 minutes: 1 sessions
|
|
>0 minutes: 2 sessions were expired</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Actually <code>/sessions</code> and <code>/expire</code> are synonyms for
|
|
the same command. The difference is in the presence of <code>idle</code>
|
|
parameter.</p>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Start_an_Existing_Application">Start an Existing Application</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/start?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Signal a stopped application to restart, and make itself available again.
|
|
Stopping and starting is useful, for example, if the database required by
|
|
your application becomes temporarily unavailable. It is usually better to
|
|
stop the web application that relies on this database rather than letting
|
|
users continuously encounter database exceptions.</p>
|
|
<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Started application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
|
|
error message. Possible causes for problems include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
|
|
<p>An exception was encountered trying to start the web application.
|
|
Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
|
|
<p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
|
|
ROOT web application use "/".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
|
|
<p>There is no deployed application on the context path
|
|
that you specified.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
|
|
</p></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Stop_an_Existing_Application">Stop an Existing Application</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/stop?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Signal an existing application to make itself unavailable, but leave it
|
|
deployed. Any request that comes in while an application is
|
|
stopped will see an HTTP error 404, and this application will show as
|
|
"stopped" on a list applications command.</p>
|
|
<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Stopped application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
|
|
error message. Possible causes for problems include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
|
|
<p>An exception was encountered trying to stop the web application.
|
|
Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
|
|
<p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
|
|
ROOT web application use "/".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
|
|
<p>There is no deployed application on the context path
|
|
that you specified.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
|
|
The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Undeploy_an_Existing_Application">Undeploy an Existing Application</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><strong><span style="color: red;">WARNING</span> - This command will delete any web
|
|
application artifacts that exist within <code>appBase</code> directory
|
|
(typically "webapps") for this virtual host</strong>.
|
|
This will delete the application .WAR, if present,
|
|
the application directory resulting either from a deploy in unpacked form
|
|
or from .WAR expansion as well as the XML Context definition from
|
|
<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/</code> directory.
|
|
If you simply want to take an application
|
|
out of service, you should use the <code>/stop</code> command instead.</p>
|
|
<p>Signal an existing application to gracefully shut itself down, and
|
|
remove it from Tomcat (which also makes this context path available for
|
|
reuse later). In addition, the document root directory is removed, if it
|
|
exists in the <code>appBase</code> directory (typically "webapps") for
|
|
this virtual host. This command is the logical opposite of the
|
|
<code>/deploy</code> command.</p>
|
|
<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Undeployed application at context path /examples</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, the response will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
|
|
error message. Possible causes for problems include:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
|
|
<p>An exception was encountered trying to undeploy the web application.
|
|
Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
|
|
<p>The context path must start with a slash character. To reference the
|
|
ROOT web application use "/".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No context exists named /foo</em>
|
|
<p>There is no deployed application with the name that you specified.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
|
|
The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Finding_memory_leaks">Finding memory leaks</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/findleaks[?statusLine=[true|false]]</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><strong>The find leaks diagnostic triggers a full garbage collection. It
|
|
should be used with extreme caution on production systems.</strong></p>
|
|
<p>The find leaks diagnostic attempts to identify web applications that have
|
|
caused memory leaks when they were stopped, reloaded or undeployed. Results
|
|
should always be confirmed
|
|
with a profiler. The diagnostic uses additional functionality provided by the
|
|
StandardHost implementation. It will not work if a custom host is used that
|
|
does not extend StandardHost.</p>
|
|
<p>Explicitly triggering a full garbage collection from Java code is documented
|
|
to be unreliable. Furthermore, depending on the JVM used, there are options to
|
|
disable explicit GC triggering, like <code>-XX:+DisableExplicitGC</code>.
|
|
If you want to make sure, that the diagnostics were successfully running a full
|
|
GC, you will need to check using tools like GC logging, JConsole or similar.</p>
|
|
<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a response like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>/leaking-webapp</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>If you wish to see a status line included in the response then include the
|
|
<code>statusLine</code> query parameter in the request with a value of
|
|
<code>true</code>.</p>
|
|
<p>Each context path for a web application that was stopped, reloaded or
|
|
undeployed, but which classes from the previous runs are still loaded in memory,
|
|
thus causing a memory leak, will be listed on a new line. If an application
|
|
has been reloaded several times, it may be listed several times.</p>
|
|
<p>If the command does not succeed, the response will start with
|
|
<code>FAIL</code> and include an error message.</p>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector_SSL/TLS_cipher_information">Connector SSL/TLS cipher information</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sslConnectorCiphers</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>The SSL Connector/Ciphers diagnostic lists the SSL/TLS ciphers that are currently
|
|
configured for each connector. For NIO and NIO2, the names of the individual
|
|
cipher suites are listed. For APR, the value of SSLCipherSuite is returned.</p>
|
|
<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Connector / SSL Cipher information
|
|
Connector[HTTP/1.1-8080]
|
|
SSL is not enabled for this connector
|
|
Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]
|
|
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA
|
|
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
|
|
TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
|
|
TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
|
|
...</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector_SSL/TLS_certificate_chain_information">Connector SSL/TLS certificate chain information</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sslConnectorCerts</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>The SSL Connector/Certs diagnostic lists the certificate chain that is
|
|
currently configured for each virtual host.</p>
|
|
<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Connector / Certificate Chain information
|
|
Connector[HTTP/1.1-8080]
|
|
SSL is not enabled for this connector
|
|
Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]-_default_-RSA
|
|
[
|
|
[
|
|
Version: V3
|
|
Subject: CN=localhost, OU=Apache Tomcat PMC, O=The Apache Software Foundation, L=Wakefield, ST=MA, C=US
|
|
Signature Algorithm: SHA256withRSA, OID = 1.2.840.113549.1.1.11
|
|
...</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector_SSL/TLS_trusted_certificate_information">Connector SSL/TLS trusted certificate information</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/sslConnectorTrustedCerts</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>The SSL Connector/Certs diagnostic lists the trusted certificates that are
|
|
currently configured for each virtual host.</p>
|
|
<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - Connector / Trusted Certificate information
|
|
Connector[HTTP/1.1-8080]
|
|
SSL is not enabled for this connector
|
|
Connector[AJP/1.3-8009]
|
|
SSL is not enabled for this connector
|
|
Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]-_default_
|
|
[
|
|
[
|
|
Version: V3
|
|
Subject: CN=Apache Tomcat Test CA, OU=Apache Tomcat PMC, O=The Apache Software Foundation, L=Wakefield, ST=MA, C=US
|
|
...</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Thread_Dump">Thread Dump</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/threaddump</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Write a JVM thread dump.</p>
|
|
<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - JVM thread dump
|
|
2014-12-08 07:24:40.080
|
|
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (25.25-b02 mixed mode):
|
|
|
|
"http-nio-8080-exec-2" Id=26 cpu=46800300 ns usr=46800300 ns blocked 0 for -1 ms waited 0 for -1 ms
|
|
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
|
|
locks java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker@1738ad4
|
|
at sun.management.ThreadImpl.dumpThreads0(Native Method)
|
|
at sun.management.ThreadImpl.dumpAllThreads(ThreadImpl.java:446)
|
|
at org.apache.tomcat.util.Diagnostics.getThreadDump(Diagnostics.java:440)
|
|
at org.apache.tomcat.util.Diagnostics.getThreadDump(Diagnostics.java:409)
|
|
at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.threadDump(ManagerServlet.java:557)
|
|
at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.doGet(ManagerServlet.java:371)
|
|
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:618)
|
|
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:725)
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="VM_Info">VM Info</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/vminfo</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Write some diagnostic information about Java Virtual Machine.</p>
|
|
<p>The response will look something like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>OK - VM info
|
|
2014-12-08 07:27:32.578
|
|
Runtime information:
|
|
vmName: Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM
|
|
vmVersion: 25.25-b02
|
|
vmVendor: Oracle Corporation
|
|
specName: Java Virtual Machine Specification
|
|
specVersion: 1.8
|
|
specVendor: Oracle Corporation
|
|
managementSpecVersion: 1.2
|
|
name: ...
|
|
startTime: 1418012458849
|
|
uptime: 393855
|
|
isBootClassPathSupported: true
|
|
|
|
OS information:
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Save_Configuration">Save Configuration</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text/save</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>If specified without any parameters, this command saves the current
|
|
configuration of the server to server.xml. The existing file will be renamed as
|
|
a backup if required.</p>
|
|
<p>If specified with a <code>path</code> parameter that matches the path of
|
|
a deployed web application then the configuration for that web application will
|
|
be saved to an appropriately named context.xml file in the <code>xmlBase</code>
|
|
for the current Host.</p>
|
|
<p>To use the command a StoreConfig MBean must be present. Typically this is
|
|
configured using the <a href="config/listeners.html#StoreConfig_Lifecycle_Listener_-_org.apache.catalina.storeconfig.StoreConfigLifecycleListener">StoreConfigLifecycleListener</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If the command does not succeed, the response will start with
|
|
<code>FAIL</code> and include an error message.</p>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div><h3 id="Server_Status">Server Status</h3><div class="text">
|
|
<p>From the following links you can view Status information about the server.
|
|
Any one of <strong>manager-xxx</strong> roles allows access to this page.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/status
|
|
http://localhost:8080/manager/status/all</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Displays server status information in HTML format.</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/status?XML=true
|
|
http://localhost:8080/manager/status/all?XML=true</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Displays server status information in XML format.</p>
|
|
<p>First, you have the server and JVM version number, JVM provider, OS name
|
|
and number followed by the architecture type.</p>
|
|
<p>Second, there is information about the memory usage of the JVM.</p>
|
|
<p>Then, there is information about the Tomcat AJP and HTTP connectors.
|
|
The same information is available for both of them :
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><p>Threads information : Max threads, min and max spare threads,
|
|
current thread count and current thread busy.</p></li>
|
|
<li><p>Request information : Max processing time and processing time,
|
|
request and error count, bytes received and sent.</p></li>
|
|
<li><p>A table showing Stage, Time, Bytes Sent, Bytes Receive, Client,
|
|
VHost and Request. All existing threads are listed in the table.
|
|
Here is the list of the possible thread stages :</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><p><em>"Parse and Prepare Request"</em> : The request headers are
|
|
being parsed or the necessary preparation to read the request body (if
|
|
a transfer encoding has been specified) is taking place.</p></li>
|
|
<li><p><em>"Service"</em> : The thread is processing a request and
|
|
generating the response. This stage follows the "Parse and Prepare
|
|
Request" stage and precedes the "Finishing" stage. There is always at
|
|
least one thread in this stage (the server-status page).</p></li>
|
|
<li><p><em>"Finishing"</em> : The end of the request processing. Any
|
|
remainder of the response still in the output buffers is sent to the
|
|
client. This stage is followed by "Keep-Alive" if it is appropriate to
|
|
keep the connection alive or "Ready" if "Keep-Alive" is not
|
|
appropriate.</p></li>
|
|
<li><p><em>"Keep-Alive"</em> : The thread keeps the connection open to
|
|
the client in case the client sends another request. If another request
|
|
is received, the next stage will be "Parse and Prepare Request". If no
|
|
request is received before the keep alive times out, the connection will
|
|
be closed and the next stage will be "Ready".</p></li>
|
|
<li><p><em>"Ready"</em> : The thread is at rest and ready to be
|
|
used.</p></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>If you are using <code>/status/all</code> command, additional information
|
|
on each of deployed web applications will be available.</p>
|
|
</div><h3 id="Using_the_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">Using the JMX Proxy Servlet</h3><div class="text">
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="What_is_JMX_Proxy_Servlet">What is JMX Proxy Servlet</h4><div class="text">
|
|
The JMX Proxy Servlet is a lightweight proxy to get and set the
|
|
tomcat internals. (Or any class that has been exposed via an MBean)
|
|
Its usage is not very user friendly but the UI is
|
|
extremely helpful for integrating command line scripts for monitoring
|
|
and changing the internals of tomcat. You can do two things with the proxy:
|
|
get information and set information. For you to really understand the
|
|
JMX Proxy Servlet, you should have a general understanding of JMX.
|
|
If you don't know what JMX is, then prepare to be confused.
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX_Query_command">JMX Query command</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>This takes the form:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/?qry=STUFF</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Where <code>STUFF</code> is the JMX query you wish to perform. For example,
|
|
here are some queries you might wish to run:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>qry=*%3Atype%3DRequestProcessor%2C* -->
|
|
type=RequestProcessor</code> which will locate all
|
|
workers which can process requests and report
|
|
their state.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>qry=*%3Aj2eeType=Servlet%2c* -->
|
|
j2eeType=Servlet</code> which return all loaded servlets.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>qry=Catalina%3Atype%3DEnvironment%2Cresourcetype%3DGlobal%2Cname%3DsimpleValue -->
|
|
Catalina:type=Environment,resourcetype=Global,name=simpleValue</code>
|
|
which look for a specific MBean by the given name.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
You'll need to experiment with this to really understand its capabilities
|
|
If you provide no <code>qry</code> parameter, then all of the MBeans will
|
|
be displayed. We really recommend looking at the tomcat source code and
|
|
understand the JMX spec to get a better understanding of all the queries
|
|
you may run.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX_Get_command">JMX Get command</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>
|
|
The JXMProxyServlet also supports a "get" command that you can use to
|
|
fetch the value of a specific MBean's attribute. The general form of
|
|
the <code>get</code> command is:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/?get=BEANNAME&att=MYATTRIBUTE&key=MYKEY</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>You must provide the following parameters:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li><code>get</code>: The full bean name</li>
|
|
<li><code>att</code>: The attribute you wish to fetch</li>
|
|
<li><code>key</code>: (optional) The key into a CompositeData MBean attribute</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If all goes well, then it will say OK, otherwise an error message will
|
|
be shown. For example, let's say we wish to fetch the current heap memory
|
|
data:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/?get=java.lang:type=Memory&att=HeapMemoryUsage</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Or, if you only want the "used" key:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/
|
|
?get=java.lang:type=Memory&att=HeapMemoryUsage&key=used</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX_Set_command">JMX Set command</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Now that you can query an MBean, its time to muck with Tomcat's internals!
|
|
The general form of the set command is :
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/?set=BEANNAME&att=MYATTRIBUTE&val=NEWVALUE</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>So you need to provide 3 request parameters:</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li><code>set</code>: The full bean name</li>
|
|
<li><code>att</code>: The attribute you wish to alter</li>
|
|
<li><code>val</code>: The new value </li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If all goes ok, then it will say OK, otherwise an error message will be
|
|
shown. For example, lets say we wish to turn up debugging on the fly for the
|
|
<code>ErrorReportValve</code>. The following will set debugging to 10.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/jmxproxy/
|
|
?set=Catalina%3Atype%3DValve%2Cname%3DErrorReportValve%2Chost%3Dlocalhost
|
|
&att=debug&val=10</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>and my result is (YMMV):</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Result: ok</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Here is what I see if I pass in a bad value. Here is the URL I used,
|
|
I try set debugging equal to 'cow':</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/jmxproxy/
|
|
?set=Catalina%3Atype%3DValve%2Cname%3DErrorReportValve%2Chost%3Dlocalhost
|
|
&att=debug&val=cow</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>When I try that, my result is</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Error: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "cow"</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JMX_Invoke_command">JMX Invoke command</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>The <code>invoke</code> command enables methods to be called on MBeans. The
|
|
general form of the command is:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://webserver/manager/jmxproxy/
|
|
?invoke=BEANNAME&op=METHODNAME&ps=COMMASEPARATEDPARAMETERS</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>For example, to call the <code>findConnectors()</code> method of the
|
|
<strong>Service</strong> use:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>http://localhost:8080/manager/jmxproxy/
|
|
?invoke=Catalina%3Atype%3DService&op=findConnectors&ps=</code></pre></div>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div><h3 id="Executing_Manager_Commands_With_Ant">Executing Manager Commands With Ant</h3><div class="text">
|
|
<p>In addition to the ability to execute Manager commands via HTTP requests,
|
|
as documented above, Tomcat includes a convenient set of Task definitions
|
|
for the <em>Ant</em> (version 1.4 or later) build tool. In order to use these
|
|
commands, you must perform the following setup operations:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Download the binary distribution of Ant from
|
|
<a href="http://ant.apache.org">http://ant.apache.org</a>.
|
|
You must use version <strong>1.4</strong> or later.</li>
|
|
<li>Install the Ant distribution in a convenient directory (called
|
|
ANT_HOME in the remainder of these instructions).</li>
|
|
<li>Add the <code>$ANT_HOME/bin</code> directory to your <code>PATH</code>
|
|
environment variable.</li>
|
|
<li>Configure at least one username/password combination in your Tomcat
|
|
user database that includes the <code>manager-script</code> role.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>To use custom tasks within Ant, you must declare them first with an
|
|
<code><import></code> element. Therefore, your <code>build.xml</code>
|
|
file might look something like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code><project name="My Application" default="compile" basedir=".">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Configure the directory into which the web application is built -->
|
|
<property name="build" value="${basedir}/build"/>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Configure the context path for this application -->
|
|
<property name="path" value="/myapp"/>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Configure properties to access the Manager application -->
|
|
<property name="url" value="http://localhost:8080/manager/text"/>
|
|
<property name="username" value="myusername"/>
|
|
<property name="password" value="mypassword"/>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Configure the path to the Tomcat installation -->
|
|
<property name="catalina.home" value="/usr/local/apache-tomcat"/>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Configure the custom Ant tasks for the Manager application -->
|
|
<import file="${catalina.home}/bin/catalina-tasks.xml"/>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Executable Targets -->
|
|
<target name="compile" description="Compile web application">
|
|
<!-- ... construct web application in ${build} subdirectory, and
|
|
generated a ${path}.war ... -->
|
|
</target>
|
|
|
|
<target name="deploy" description="Install web application"
|
|
depends="compile">
|
|
<deploy url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}"
|
|
path="${path}" war="file:${build}${path}.war"/>
|
|
</target>
|
|
|
|
<target name="reload" description="Reload web application"
|
|
depends="compile">
|
|
<reload url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}"
|
|
path="${path}"/>
|
|
</target>
|
|
|
|
<target name="undeploy" description="Remove web application">
|
|
<undeploy url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}"
|
|
path="${path}"/>
|
|
</target>
|
|
|
|
</project></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Note: The definition of the resources task via the import above will override
|
|
the resources datatype added in Ant 1.7. If you wish to use the resources
|
|
datatype you will need to use Ant's namespace support to modify
|
|
<code>catalina-tasks.xml</code> to assign the Tomcat tasks to their own
|
|
namespace.</p>
|
|
<p>Now, you can execute commands like <code>ant deploy</code> to deploy the
|
|
application to a running instance of Tomcat, or <code>ant reload</code> to
|
|
tell Tomcat to reload it. Note also that most of the interesting values in
|
|
this <code>build.xml</code> file are defined as replaceable properties, so
|
|
you can override their values from the command line. For example, you might
|
|
consider it a security risk to include the real manager password in your
|
|
<code>build.xml</code> file's source code. To avoid this, omit the password
|
|
property, and specify it from the command line:</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>ant -Dpassword=secret deploy</code></pre></div>
|
|
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Tasks_output_capture">Tasks output capture</h4><div class="text">
|
|
<p>Using <em>Ant</em> version <strong>1.6.2</strong> or later,
|
|
the Catalina tasks offer the option to capture their output in
|
|
properties or external files. They support directly the following subset of the
|
|
<code><redirector></code> type attributes:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table class="defaultTable">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Attribute</th>
|
|
<th>Description</th>
|
|
<th style="text-align: center;">Required</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>output</td>
|
|
<td>Name of a file to which to write the output. If
|
|
the error stream is not also redirected to a file or property, it will
|
|
appear in this output.</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>error</td>
|
|
<td>The file to which the standard error of the
|
|
command should be redirected.</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>logError</td>
|
|
<td>This attribute is used when you wish to see
|
|
error output in Ant's log and you are redirecting output to a
|
|
file/property. The error output will not be included in the output
|
|
file/property. If you redirect error with the <i>error</i> or <i>errorProperty</i>
|
|
attributes, this will have no effect.</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>append</td>
|
|
<td>Whether output and error files should be
|
|
appended to or overwritten. Defaults to <code>false</code>.</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>createemptyfiles</td>
|
|
<td>Whether output and error files should be created
|
|
even when empty. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>outputproperty</td>
|
|
<td>The name of a property in which the output of
|
|
the command should be stored. Unless the error stream is redirected to
|
|
a separate file or stream, this property will include the error output.</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>errorproperty</td>
|
|
<td>The name of a property in which the standard
|
|
error of the command should be stored.</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>A couple of additional attributes can also be specified:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table class="defaultTable">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Attribute</th>
|
|
<th>Description</th>
|
|
<th style="text-align: center;">Required</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>alwaysLog</td>
|
|
<td>This attribute is used when you wish to see the
|
|
output you are capturing, appearing also in the Ant's log. It must not be
|
|
used unless you are capturing task output.
|
|
Defaults to <code>false</code>.
|
|
<em>This attribute will be supported directly by <code><redirector></code>
|
|
in Ant 1.6.3</em></td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>failonerror</td>
|
|
<td>This attribute is used when you wish to avoid that
|
|
any manager command processing error terminates the ant execution. Defaults to <code>true</code>.
|
|
It must be set to <code>false</code>, if you want to capture error output,
|
|
otherwise execution will terminate before anything can be captured.
|
|
<br/>
|
|
This attribute acts only on manager command execution,
|
|
any wrong or missing command attribute will still cause Ant execution termination.
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align: center;">No</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<p>They also support the embedded <code><redirector></code> element
|
|
in which you can specify
|
|
its full set of attributes, but <code>input</code>, <code>inputstring</code> and
|
|
<code>inputencoding</code> that, even if accepted, are not used because they have
|
|
no meaning in this context.
|
|
Refer to <a href="http://ant.apache.org">ant manual</a> for details on
|
|
<code><redirector></code> element attributes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Here is a sample build file extract that shows how this output redirection support
|
|
can be used:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> <target name="manager.deploy"
|
|
depends="context.status"
|
|
if="context.notInstalled">
|
|
<deploy url="${mgr.url}"
|
|
username="${mgr.username}"
|
|
password="${mgr.password}"
|
|
path="${mgr.context.path}"
|
|
config="${mgr.context.descriptor}"/>
|
|
</target>
|
|
|
|
<target name="manager.deploy.war"
|
|
depends="context.status"
|
|
if="context.deployable">
|
|
<deploy url="${mgr.url}"
|
|
username="${mgr.username}"
|
|
password="${mgr.password}"
|
|
update="${mgr.update}"
|
|
path="${mgr.context.path}"
|
|
war="${mgr.war.file}"/>
|
|
</target>
|
|
|
|
<target name="context.status">
|
|
<property name="running" value="${mgr.context.path}:running"/>
|
|
<property name="stopped" value="${mgr.context.path}:stopped"/>
|
|
|
|
<list url="${mgr.url}"
|
|
outputproperty="ctx.status"
|
|
username="${mgr.username}"
|
|
password="${mgr.password}">
|
|
</list>
|
|
|
|
<condition property="context.running">
|
|
<contains string="${ctx.status}" substring="${running}"/>
|
|
</condition>
|
|
<condition property="context.stopped">
|
|
<contains string="${ctx.status}" substring="${stopped}"/>
|
|
</condition>
|
|
<condition property="context.notInstalled">
|
|
<and>
|
|
<isfalse value="${context.running}"/>
|
|
<isfalse value="${context.stopped}"/>
|
|
</and>
|
|
</condition>
|
|
<condition property="context.deployable">
|
|
<or>
|
|
<istrue value="${context.notInstalled}"/>
|
|
<and>
|
|
<istrue value="${context.running}"/>
|
|
<istrue value="${mgr.update}"/>
|
|
</and>
|
|
<and>
|
|
<istrue value="${context.stopped}"/>
|
|
<istrue value="${mgr.update}"/>
|
|
</and>
|
|
</or>
|
|
</condition>
|
|
<condition property="context.undeployable">
|
|
<or>
|
|
<istrue value="${context.running}"/>
|
|
<istrue value="${context.stopped}"/>
|
|
</or>
|
|
</condition>
|
|
</target></code></pre></div>
|
|
<p><strong>WARNING:</strong> even if it doesn't make many sense, and is always a bad idea,
|
|
calling a Catalina task more than once,
|
|
badly set Ant tasks depends chains may cause that a task be called
|
|
more than once in the same Ant run, even if not intended to. A bit of caution should be exercised when you are
|
|
capturing output from that task, because this could lead to something unexpected:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>when capturing in a property you will find in it only the output from the <em>first</em> call, because
|
|
Ant properties are immutable and once set they cannot be changed,
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>when capturing in a file, each run will overwrite it and you will find in it only the <em>last</em> call
|
|
output, unless you are using the <code>append="true"</code> attribute, in which case you will
|
|
see the output of each task call appended to the file.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div><div class="noprint"><h3 id="comments_section">
|
|
Comments
|
|
</h3><div class="text"><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
|
|
on improving documentation for Apache Tomcat.<br/><br/>
|
|
If you have trouble and need help, read
|
|
<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a> page
|
|
and ask your question on the tomcat-users
|
|
<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">mailing list</a>.
|
|
Do not ask such questions here. This is not a Q&A section.<br/><br/>
|
|
The Apache Comments System is explained <a href="/comments.html">here</a>.
|
|
Comments may be removed by our moderators if they are either
|
|
implemented or considered invalid/off-topic.
|
|
</p><div id="comments_thread"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer">
|
|
Copyright © 1999-2018, The Apache Software Foundation
|
|
</div></footer></div></body></html> |