# Contributing

Thanks for taking the time to contribute to 3x-ui. This guide gets a development panel running locally and explains the conventions the project follows so changes land cleanly.

## Prerequisites

- **Go 1.26+** (the version pinned in `go.mod`)
- **Node.js 22+** and npm 10+ (for the React frontend)
- **Git**
- **A C compiler** — required by the CGo SQLite driver (`github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3`). Linux and macOS already ship one; for Windows see below.

### Windows: MinGW-w64

`go build` on Windows fails with `cgo: C compiler "gcc" not found` until a GCC toolchain is installed. Two options — pick whichever fits.

**Option A — standalone zip (fastest, no package manager)**

1. Download the latest build from <https://github.com/niXman/mingw-builds-binaries/releases>. For most setups, pick a release named:
   ```
   x86_64-<version>-release-posix-seh-ucrt-rt_<n>-rev<m>.7z
   ```
   (64-bit, POSIX threads, SEH exceptions, UCRT runtime — matches modern Windows defaults.)
2. Extract it somewhere stable, e.g. `C:\mingw64\`.
3. Add `C:\mingw64\bin` to the **Windows** `PATH` (System Properties → Environment Variables → Path → New).
4. Open a fresh terminal and confirm:
   ```powershell
   gcc --version
   ```

**Option B — MSYS2 (when a Unix shell is also useful)**

1. Install MSYS2 from <https://www.msys2.org/>.
2. Open the **MSYS2 UCRT64** shell from the Start menu and update once:
   ```bash
   pacman -Syu
   ```
3. Install the UCRT64 toolchain:
   ```bash
   pacman -S --needed mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-gcc mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-pkg-config
   ```
4. Add `C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin` to the Windows `PATH`.
5. Verify with `gcc --version` in a fresh terminal.

After either path, `go build ./...` and `go run .` work normally.

> **Why MinGW-w64 over MSVC:** `mattn/go-sqlite3` officially supports GCC, builds are faster on Windows, and the toolchain does not require a Visual Studio install. If Visual Studio Build Tools are already present that works too — just make sure `CC=cl` is **not** set in the environment.

Cross-building the Linux SQLite target from Windows (or vice versa) requires a separate cross-compiler and is out of scope here; build natively on the target OS.

## First-time setup

```bash
git clone https://github.com/MHSanaei/3x-ui.git
cd 3x-ui

cp .env.example .env

mkdir x-ui

go mod download

cd frontend
npm install
npm run build
cd ..
```

`.env.example` ships with defaults that keep the database, logs, and xray binary inside the local `x-ui/` folder so nothing escapes the project directory:

```
XUI_DEBUG=true
XUI_DB_FOLDER=x-ui
XUI_LOG_FOLDER=x-ui
XUI_BIN_FOLDER=x-ui
```

Drop the xray binary (`xray-windows-amd64.exe` on Windows, `xray-linux-amd64` on Linux, etc.) plus the matching `geoip.dat` and `geosite.dat` files into `x-ui/`. The easiest source is a [released Xray-core build](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases). On Windows, `wintun.dll` is also required for testing TUN inbounds.

## Running

```bash
go run .
```

Open [http://localhost:2053](http://localhost:2053) and log in with `admin` / `admin`. Credentials must be changed on first login.

### Inside VS Code

The repo checks in two VS Code launch profiles in `.vscode/launch.json`: **Run 3x-ui (Debug)** for the default SQLite setup, and **Run 3x-ui (Postgres)** which points `XUI_DB_TYPE`/`XUI_DB_DSN` at a local PostgreSQL. The Postgres profile also prepends the PostgreSQL `bin` to `PATH` so the panel can find `pg_dump`/`pg_restore` (the `postgresql-client` tools used for DB backup/restore) — adjust the DSN and that path to your machine:

```jsonc
{
  "$schema": "vscode://schemas/launch",
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Run 3x-ui (Debug)",
      "type": "go",
      "request": "launch",
      "mode": "auto",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "env": {
        "XUI_DEBUG": "true",
        "XUI_DB_FOLDER": "x-ui",
        "XUI_LOG_FOLDER": "x-ui",
        "XUI_BIN_FOLDER": "x-ui"
      },
      "console": "integratedTerminal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Run 3x-ui (Postgres)",
      "type": "go",
      "request": "launch",
      "mode": "auto",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "env": {
        "XUI_DEBUG": "true",
        "XUI_LOG_FOLDER": "x-ui",
        "XUI_BIN_FOLDER": "x-ui",
        "XUI_DB_TYPE": "postgres",
        "XUI_DB_DSN": "postgres://xui:xuipass@127.0.0.1:5432/xui?sslmode=disable",
        "PATH": "C:\\Program Files\\PostgreSQL\\18\\bin;${env:PATH}"
      },
      "console": "integratedTerminal"
    }
  ]
}
```

## Working on the frontend

The panel UI is a **React 19 + Ant Design 6 + TypeScript** app under `frontend/`, built with Vite 8. The sections below cover the architecture, the conventions, and the two dev workflows.

### Architecture

The frontend ships **three Vite bundles**, each emitted into `web/dist/` and embedded into the Go binary at compile time via `embed.FS`:

- **`index.html`** — the admin panel, a **single-page app**. `src/main.tsx` mounts a `react-router` `createBrowserRouter` (see `src/routes.tsx`) under the `/panel` basename; every route (`/panel`, `/panel/inbounds`, `/panel/clients`, `/panel/groups`, `/panel/nodes`, `/panel/settings`, `/panel/xray`, `/panel/api-docs`) is lazy-loaded inside a shared `PanelLayout` (sidebar + header + `<Outlet>`).
- **`login.html`** — the login + 2FA screen (`src/entries/login.tsx`), a standalone bundle.
- **`subpage.html`** — the public subscription viewer (`src/entries/subpage.tsx`), a standalone bundle.

Panel navigation happens client-side through React Router, and per-route code is lazy-split so the initial panel load stays small. `login` and `subpage` stay separate documents because they are reached without an authenticated panel session.

### State and data flow

- **Server state via TanStack Query.** API reads go through `@tanstack/react-query` (`QueryProvider` in `src/main.tsx`, keys in `src/api/queryKeys.ts`); responses are cached and invalidated on mutation rather than blindly re-fetched, and WebSocket pushes feed back into the cache via `src/api/websocketBridge.ts`.
- **Local UI state stays in the page** (`useState`); shared concerns go through contexts and hooks in `src/hooks/` (`useTheme`, `useWebSocket`, `useClients`, `useDatepicker`, …). Prefer extending an existing hook over introducing a new global.
- **Zod is the single source of truth.** Schemas in `src/schemas/` define the xray config model; every API response is parsed through them, every form field validates against them, and TypeScript types are inferred with `z.infer` — never hand-written. Go-side types are mirrored into `src/generated/` by `npm run gen:zod` (do not hand-edit that folder).
- **xray domain logic** — link generation, protocol defaults, form ⇄ wire adapters — lives as pure functions in `src/lib/xray/`. `src/models/` keeps only thin legacy types still being migrated onto schemas.
- **HTTP** goes through `HttpUtil` in `src/utils/index.ts`, a thin Axios wrapper that handles CSRF, response toasts, and a `silent: true` opt-out for bulk operations that would otherwise spam toasts. The Axios setup itself lives in `src/api/axios-init.ts`.

### i18n

Locale strings live in `web/translation/<locale>.json`, **not** under `frontend/`. The Go binary embeds the same JSON and serves it to both backend templates and `react-i18next` (initialized in `src/i18n/react.ts`). When a new English key is added it must also land in **every** non-English locale — missing keys do not break the build, they just render the raw key in the UI.

### Two dev workflows

| Goal | Command |
|------|---------|
| Iterate on UI changes with HMR | `cd frontend && npm run dev` (Vite on `:5173`, proxies `/panel/*` and the WebSocket to the Go panel on `:2053`). Start the Go panel first. |
| Verify what end users actually see | `cd frontend && npm run build`, then `go run .`. The Go binary serves the built bundle — embedded in release mode, off disk in debug mode. |

The Vite dev proxy serves the admin SPA for any `/panel/*` URL — `bypassMigratedRoute` in `vite.config.js` rewrites those requests to `index.html` and lets React Router take over — while forwarding `/panel/api/*`, `/panel/setting/*`, `/panel/xray/*`, and the WebSocket to the Go panel. Because routing is now client-side, new panel routes need no proxy or allowlist changes.

> **`XUI_DEBUG=true` gotcha** — in debug mode the panel serves HTML from the embedded FS (frozen at the last `go build` / `go run`) but JS/CSS off disk. Re-running `npm run build` without restarting Go leaves the embedded HTML pointing at the *old* hashed asset names, producing a blank page with 404s in the console. Always restart `go run .` after a frontend rebuild.

### Adding a new page

Most new screens are **admin-panel routes** and need no new HTML or Vite entry:

1. Create the page component under `src/pages/<page>/<Page>.tsx` (kebab-case folder, PascalCase component).
2. Register it in `src/routes.tsx` under the `/panel` tree (lazy-import it like the others).
3. Add a sidebar link in `src/layouts/AppSidebar.tsx` if it should be reachable from the nav.

Only a genuinely **standalone bundle** (like `login` or `subpage`, reachable without the panel shell) needs the full entry treatment: add `frontend/<page>.html`, a `src/entries/<page>.tsx` bootstrap, register it in `rollupOptions.input` inside `vite.config.js`, and wire a Go controller route that calls `serveDistPage(c, "<page>.html")` to serve the embedded HTML in production.

### Conventions

- **TypeScript strict mode** — all new code in `.ts` / `.tsx`. Run `npm run typecheck` (`tsc --noEmit`) before pushing. The path alias `@/*` resolves to `src/*`.
- **Ant Design 6** is the only UI kit — no Tailwind, no shadcn. A previous attempt to migrate was rolled back. Small, targeted UX tweaks beat sweeping rewrites; raise broader visual changes for discussion before implementing.
- **Function components + hooks** everywhere. No class components.
- **No `//` line comments** in committed JS/TS/Vue/Go. HTML `<!-- ... -->` is fine for template structure. Names should carry the meaning; rename rather than annotate. Comments are reserved for the *why*, and only when the reason is surprising.
- **RTL is a first-class concern.** Persian and Arabic users matter — RTL is enabled through AntD's `ConfigProvider direction="rtl"`. When writing Persian text in toasts or labels, isolate code identifiers on their own lines so RTL reading flows.
- **Schemas over `any`.** New config shapes go in `src/schemas/`; `@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any` is an error and production schemas use no `.loose()`. Validate form fields with `antdRule(Schema.shape.field, t)` rather than inline `z.string()` in rules.
- **Document new endpoints.** Every new `g.POST`/`g.GET` in `web/controller/` needs a matching entry in `src/pages/api-docs/endpoints.ts` — it drives both the in-panel API docs and the generated OpenAPI/Zod (`npm run gen:api` / `gen:zod`).
- **Do not break link generation.** Share-link logic lives in `src/lib/xray/` (`inbound-link.ts`, `outbound-link-parser.ts`, …) and is round-tripped by the golden fixture suite — run `npm run test` after any change to URL generation, defaults, or TLS/Reality handling, and regenerate snapshots (`npx vitest run -u`) only for intentional changes. Two runtime paths consume it: the **inbounds page** and the **clients page** subscription links (`/panel/api/clients/subLinks/:subId` → backend `GetSubs`); exercise both.
- **Vite is pinned to an exact version** (no `^`) in `frontend/package.json` — currently `8.0.16` — so local, CI, and release builds resolve identically. Bump it deliberately and verify both `npm run dev` and `npm run build` afterward.

### Project layout

```
frontend/
├── index.html             — admin panel SPA entry
├── login.html             — login + 2FA entry
├── subpage.html           — public subscription viewer entry
├── tsconfig.json          — strict, jsx: "react-jsx", paths "@/*" → "src/*"
├── eslint.config.js       — ESLint flat config (@eslint/js + typescript-eslint + react-hooks)
├── vite.config.js
├── vitest.config.ts
├── scripts/               — build-openapi.mjs (endpoints.ts → openapi.json)
└── src/
    ├── main.tsx           — admin SPA bootstrap (router + providers)
    ├── routes.tsx         — react-router routes mounted under /panel
    ├── entries/           — bootstrap for the standalone bundles (login, subpage)
    ├── layouts/           — PanelLayout + AppSidebar
    ├── pages/             — one folder per route (index, inbounds, clients, groups, nodes, settings, xray, api-docs) plus login, sub
    ├── components/        — cross-page React components
    ├── hooks/             — reusable hooks (useTheme, useWebSocket, useClients, useDatepicker, …)
    ├── api/               — Axios + CSRF interceptor, TanStack Query provider/keys, WebSocket client
    ├── i18n/              — react-i18next bootstrap (JSON lives in web/translation/)
    ├── lib/xray/          — pure xray logic: link generation, defaults, form ⇄ wire adapters
    ├── schemas/           — Zod source of truth for the xray config model
    ├── generated/         — code-generated Zod + TS types from Go (do not hand-edit)
    ├── models/            — thin legacy types still being migrated
    ├── styles/            — shared CSS (page-cards, …)
    ├── test/              — Vitest specs + golden fixtures
    └── utils/             — HttpUtil, ClipboardManager, SizeFormatter, …
```

For deeper notes on the frontend toolchain see [`frontend/README.md`](frontend/README.md).

## Project layout

| Path | Contents |
|------|----------|
| `main.go` | Process entry point, CLI subcommands, signal handling |
| `web/` | Gin HTTP server, controllers, services, embedded frontend assets |
| `frontend/` | React + Ant Design 6 + TypeScript source for the panel UI |
| `database/` | GORM models, migrations, seeders (SQLite / PostgreSQL) |
| `xray/` | Xray-core process lifecycle and gRPC API client |
| `sub/` | Subscription endpoints (raw, JSON, Clash) |
| `config/` | Environment-variable helpers, paths, defaults |
| `x-ui/` | **Runtime data** — db, logs, xray binary, geo files (gitignored) |

## Sending a pull request

1. Branch off `main` (e.g. `feat/short-description`).
2. Keep the diff focused — separate refactors from feature work.
3. Run the relevant checks before pushing:
   - `go build ./...`
   - `go test ./...` (when Go code changed)
   - `cd frontend && npm run typecheck && npm run lint && npm run test && npm run build` (when the frontend changed; CI runs this same set on every PR via `.github/workflows/ci.yml`)
4. Commit messages follow the existing pattern in `git log` — `<area>: short imperative summary`, then a body explaining the *why*. Conventional-commit prefixes (`feat`, `fix`, `refactor`, `chore`, `style`, `docs`) are encouraged.
5. Open the PR against `main` with a brief description of what changed and how to test it.

## Useful environment variables

| Variable | Default | Purpose |
|----------|---------|---------|
| `XUI_DEBUG` | `false` | Verbose logs + Gin debug mode + serve `/assets` from disk |
| `XUI_LOG_LEVEL` | `info` | `debug` / `info` / `notice` / `warning` / `error` |
| `XUI_DB_FOLDER` | platform default | Where `x-ui.db` lives |
| `XUI_LOG_FOLDER` | platform default | Where `3xui.log` lives |
| `XUI_BIN_FOLDER` | `bin` | Where the xray binary, geo files, and xray `config.json` live |
| `XUI_DB_TYPE` | `sqlite` | Set to `postgres` to use PostgreSQL via `XUI_DB_DSN` |
| `XUI_DB_DSN` | — | PostgreSQL DSN when `XUI_DB_TYPE=postgres` |

## Issues

- Bug reports and feature requests: [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/MHSanaei/3x-ui/issues)

Before filing a bug, include the OS, Go version, panel version (`/panel/api/server/status` or the dashboard footer), and the relevant excerpt from `x-ui/3xui.log`.