diff --git a/frontend/src/components/AppSidebar.vue b/frontend/src/components/AppSidebar.vue
index 04dcb482..fb866d35 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/AppSidebar.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/AppSidebar.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <script setup>
-import { ref } from 'vue';
+import { computed, ref } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import {
   DashboardOutlined,
   UserOutlined,
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ import {
 import { currentTheme } from '@/composables/useTheme.js';
 import ThemeSwitch from '@/components/ThemeSwitch.vue';
 
+const { t } = useI18n();
+
 const SIDEBAR_COLLAPSED_KEY = 'isSidebarCollapsed';
 
 const props = defineProps({
@@ -42,13 +45,15 @@ const iconByName = {
 // would turn /panel/settings + 'panel/...' into /panel/panel/...).
 const prefix = props.basePath?.startsWith('/') ? props.basePath : `/${props.basePath || ''}`;
 
-const tabs = [
-  { key: `${prefix}panel/`,         icon: 'dashboard', title: 'Dashboard' },
-  { key: `${prefix}panel/inbounds`, icon: 'user',      title: 'Inbounds' },
-  { key: `${prefix}panel/settings`, icon: 'setting',   title: 'Settings' },
-  { key: `${prefix}panel/xray`,     icon: 'tool',      title: 'Xray' },
-  { key: `${prefix}logout/`,        icon: 'logout',    title: 'Logout' },
-];
+// Labels are i18n-driven so the sidebar matches the locale picked
+// in panel settings without a page reload of the sidebar component.
+const tabs = computed(() => [
+  { key: `${prefix}panel/`,         icon: 'dashboard', title: t('menu.dashboard') },
+  { key: `${prefix}panel/inbounds`, icon: 'user',      title: t('menu.inbounds') },
+  { key: `${prefix}panel/settings`, icon: 'setting',   title: t('menu.settings') },
+  { key: `${prefix}panel/xray`,     icon: 'tool',      title: t('menu.xray') },
+  { key: `${prefix}logout/`,        icon: 'logout',    title: t('logout') },
+]);
 
 const activeTab = ref([props.requestUri]);
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/InboundList.vue b/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/InboundList.vue
index 47508fc8..ea570a50 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/InboundList.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/InboundList.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <script setup>
 import { computed, ref, watch } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import {
   PlusOutlined,
   MenuOutlined,
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@ import { DBInbound } from '@/models/dbinbound.js';
 import { Inbound } from '@/models/inbound.js';
 import ClientRowTable from './ClientRowTable.vue';
 
+const { t } = useI18n();
+
 const props = defineProps({
   dbInbounds: { type: Array, required: true },
   clientCount: { type: Object, required: true },
@@ -136,26 +139,27 @@ const visibleInbounds = computed(() => {
 
 // ============ Columns =================================================
 // `key`-driven so we can render via the body-cell slot below. AD-Vue 4's
-// `responsive` array still works on column defs.
-const desktopColumns = [
+// `responsive` array still works on column defs. Computed so column
+// labels react to live locale switches.
+const desktopColumns = computed(() => [
   { title: 'ID', dataIndex: 'id', key: 'id', align: 'right', width: 30, responsive: ['xs'] },
-  { title: 'Action', key: 'action', align: 'center', width: 30 },
-  { title: 'Enable', key: 'enable', align: 'center', width: 35 },
-  { title: 'Remark', dataIndex: 'remark', key: 'remark', align: 'center', width: 60 },
-  { title: 'Port', dataIndex: 'port', key: 'port', align: 'center', width: 40 },
-  { title: 'Protocol', key: 'protocol', align: 'left', width: 70 },
-  { title: 'Clients', key: 'clients', align: 'left', width: 50 },
-  { title: 'Traffic', key: 'traffic', align: 'center', width: 90 },
-  { title: 'All-time', key: 'allTimeInbound', align: 'center', width: 60 },
-  { title: 'Expiry', key: 'expiryTime', align: 'center', width: 40 },
-];
-const mobileColumns = [
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.operate'), key: 'action', align: 'center', width: 30 },
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.enable'), key: 'enable', align: 'center', width: 35 },
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.remark'), dataIndex: 'remark', key: 'remark', align: 'center', width: 60 },
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.port'), dataIndex: 'port', key: 'port', align: 'center', width: 40 },
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.protocol'), key: 'protocol', align: 'left', width: 70 },
+  { title: t('clients'), key: 'clients', align: 'left', width: 50 },
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.traffic'), key: 'traffic', align: 'center', width: 90 },
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.allTimeTraffic'), key: 'allTimeInbound', align: 'center', width: 60 },
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.expireDate'), key: 'expiryTime', align: 'center', width: 40 },
+]);
+const mobileColumns = computed(() => [
   { title: 'ID', dataIndex: 'id', key: 'id', align: 'right', width: 10, responsive: ['s'] },
-  { title: 'Action', key: 'action', align: 'center', width: 25 },
-  { title: 'Remark', dataIndex: 'remark', key: 'remark', align: 'left', width: 70 },
-  { title: 'Info', key: 'info', align: 'center', width: 10 },
-];
-const columns = computed(() => (props.isMobile ? mobileColumns : desktopColumns));
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.operate'), key: 'action', align: 'center', width: 25 },
+  { title: t('pages.inbounds.remark'), dataIndex: 'remark', key: 'remark', align: 'left', width: 70 },
+  { title: t('info'), key: 'info', align: 'center', width: 10 },
+]);
+const columns = computed(() => (props.isMobile ? mobileColumns.value : desktopColumns.value));
 
 // ============ Pagination ============================================
 function paginationFor(rows) {
@@ -208,32 +212,32 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
       <a-space direction="horizontal">
         <a-button type="primary" @click="emit('add-inbound')">
           <template #icon><PlusOutlined /></template>
-          <template v-if="!isMobile">Add inbound</template>
+          <template v-if="!isMobile">{{ t('pages.inbounds.addInbound') }}</template>
         </a-button>
         <a-dropdown :trigger="['click']">
           <a-button type="primary">
             <template #icon><MenuOutlined /></template>
-            <template v-if="!isMobile">General actions</template>
+            <template v-if="!isMobile">{{ t('pages.inbounds.generalActions') }}</template>
           </a-button>
           <template #overlay>
             <a-menu @click="(a) => emit('general-action', a.key)">
               <a-menu-item key="import">
-                <ImportOutlined /> Import inbound
+                <ImportOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.importInbound') }}
               </a-menu-item>
               <a-menu-item key="export">
-                <ExportOutlined /> Export
+                <ExportOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.export') }}
               </a-menu-item>
               <a-menu-item v-if="subEnable" key="subs">
-                <ExportOutlined /> Export — Subscription
+                <ExportOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.export') }} — {{ t('pages.settings.subSettings') }}
               </a-menu-item>
               <a-menu-item key="resetInbounds">
-                <ReloadOutlined /> Reset all traffic
+                <ReloadOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.resetAllTraffic') }}
               </a-menu-item>
               <a-menu-item key="resetClients">
-                <FileDoneOutlined /> Reset all client traffic
+                <FileDoneOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.resetAllClientTraffics') }}
               </a-menu-item>
               <a-menu-item key="delDepletedClients" class="danger-item">
-                <RestOutlined /> Delete depleted clients
+                <RestOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.delDepletedClients') }}
               </a-menu-item>
             </a-menu>
           </template>
@@ -250,12 +254,12 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
           <template #title>
             <div class="auto-refresh-title">
               <a-switch v-model:checked="isRefreshEnabled" size="small" />
-              <span>Auto refresh</span>
+              <span>{{ t('pages.inbounds.autoRefresh') }}</span>
             </div>
           </template>
           <template #content>
             <a-space direction="vertical">
-              <span>Auto-refresh interval</span>
+              <span>{{ t('pages.inbounds.autoRefreshInterval') }}</span>
               <a-select
                 v-model:value="refreshIntervalMs"
                 :disabled="!isRefreshEnabled"
@@ -284,7 +288,7 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
         <a-input
           v-if="!enableFilter"
           v-model:value="searchKey"
-          placeholder="Search"
+          :placeholder="t('search')"
           autofocus
           :size="isMobile ? 'small' : 'middle'"
           :style="{ maxWidth: '300px' }"
@@ -295,12 +299,12 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
           button-style="solid"
           :size="isMobile ? 'small' : 'middle'"
         >
-          <a-radio-button value="">None</a-radio-button>
-          <a-radio-button value="active">Active</a-radio-button>
-          <a-radio-button value="deactive">Disabled</a-radio-button>
-          <a-radio-button value="depleted">Depleted</a-radio-button>
-          <a-radio-button value="expiring">Depleting</a-radio-button>
-          <a-radio-button value="online">Online</a-radio-button>
+          <a-radio-button value="">{{ t('none') }}</a-radio-button>
+          <a-radio-button value="active">{{ t('subscription.active') }}</a-radio-button>
+          <a-radio-button value="deactive">{{ t('disabled') }}</a-radio-button>
+          <a-radio-button value="depleted">{{ t('depleted') }}</a-radio-button>
+          <a-radio-button value="expiring">{{ t('depletingSoon') }}</a-radio-button>
+          <a-radio-button value="online">{{ t('online') }}</a-radio-button>
         </a-radio-group>
       </div>
 
@@ -343,31 +347,31 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
               <MoreOutlined class="row-action-trigger" @click.prevent />
               <template #overlay>
                 <a-menu @click="(a) => emit('row-action', { key: a.key, dbInbound: record })">
-                  <a-menu-item key="edit"><EditOutlined /> Edit</a-menu-item>
+                  <a-menu-item key="edit"><EditOutlined /> {{ t('edit') }}</a-menu-item>
                   <a-menu-item v-if="showQrCodeMenu(record)" key="qrcode">
-                    <QrcodeOutlined /> QR code
+                    <QrcodeOutlined /> {{ t('qrCode') }}
                   </a-menu-item>
                   <template v-if="record.isMultiUser()">
-                    <a-menu-item key="addClient"><UserAddOutlined /> Add client</a-menu-item>
-                    <a-menu-item key="addBulkClient"><UsergroupAddOutlined /> Add bulk clients</a-menu-item>
-                    <a-menu-item key="copyClients"><CopyOutlined /> Copy clients from inbound</a-menu-item>
-                    <a-menu-item key="resetClients"><FileDoneOutlined /> Reset client traffic</a-menu-item>
-                    <a-menu-item key="export"><ExportOutlined /> Export</a-menu-item>
+                    <a-menu-item key="addClient"><UserAddOutlined /> {{ t('pages.client.add') }}</a-menu-item>
+                    <a-menu-item key="addBulkClient"><UsergroupAddOutlined /> {{ t('pages.client.bulk') }}</a-menu-item>
+                    <a-menu-item key="copyClients"><CopyOutlined /> {{ t('pages.client.copyFromInbound') }}</a-menu-item>
+                    <a-menu-item key="resetClients"><FileDoneOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.resetInboundClientTraffics') }}</a-menu-item>
+                    <a-menu-item key="export"><ExportOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.export') }}</a-menu-item>
                     <a-menu-item v-if="subEnable" key="subs">
-                      <ExportOutlined /> Export — Subscription
+                      <ExportOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.export') }} — {{ t('pages.settings.subSettings') }}
                     </a-menu-item>
                     <a-menu-item key="delDepletedClients" class="danger-item">
-                      <RestOutlined /> Delete depleted clients
+                      <RestOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.delDepletedClients') }}
                     </a-menu-item>
                   </template>
                   <template v-else>
-                    <a-menu-item key="showInfo"><InfoCircleOutlined /> Info</a-menu-item>
+                    <a-menu-item key="showInfo"><InfoCircleOutlined /> {{ t('info') }}</a-menu-item>
                   </template>
-                  <a-menu-item key="clipboard"><CopyOutlined /> Export inbound</a-menu-item>
-                  <a-menu-item key="resetTraffic"><RetweetOutlined /> Reset traffic</a-menu-item>
-                  <a-menu-item key="clone"><BlockOutlined /> Clone</a-menu-item>
+                  <a-menu-item key="clipboard"><CopyOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.exportInbound') }}</a-menu-item>
+                  <a-menu-item key="resetTraffic"><RetweetOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.resetTraffic') }}</a-menu-item>
+                  <a-menu-item key="clone"><BlockOutlined /> {{ t('pages.inbounds.clone') }}</a-menu-item>
                   <a-menu-item key="delete" class="danger-item">
-                    <DeleteOutlined /> Delete
+                    <DeleteOutlined /> {{ t('delete') }}
                   </a-menu-item>
                 </a-menu>
               </template>
@@ -398,25 +402,25 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
           <template v-else-if="column.key === 'clients'">
             <template v-if="clientCount[record.id]">
               <a-tag color="green" style="margin: 0">{{ clientCount[record.id].clients }}</a-tag>
-              <a-popover v-if="clientCount[record.id].deactive.length" title="Disabled">
+              <a-popover v-if="clientCount[record.id].deactive.length" :title="t('disabled')">
                 <template #content>
                   <div v-for="email in clientCount[record.id].deactive" :key="email">{{ email }}</div>
                 </template>
                 <a-tag style="margin: 0; padding: 0 2px">{{ clientCount[record.id].deactive.length }}</a-tag>
               </a-popover>
-              <a-popover v-if="clientCount[record.id].depleted.length" title="Depleted">
+              <a-popover v-if="clientCount[record.id].depleted.length" :title="t('depleted')">
                 <template #content>
                   <div v-for="email in clientCount[record.id].depleted" :key="email">{{ email }}</div>
                 </template>
                 <a-tag color="red" style="margin: 0; padding: 0 2px">{{ clientCount[record.id].depleted.length }}</a-tag>
               </a-popover>
-              <a-popover v-if="clientCount[record.id].expiring.length" title="Depleting soon">
+              <a-popover v-if="clientCount[record.id].expiring.length" :title="t('depletingSoon')">
                 <template #content>
                   <div v-for="email in clientCount[record.id].expiring" :key="email">{{ email }}</div>
                 </template>
                 <a-tag color="orange" style="margin: 0; padding: 0 2px">{{ clientCount[record.id].expiring.length }}</a-tag>
               </a-popover>
-              <a-popover v-if="clientCount[record.id].online.length" title="Online">
+              <a-popover v-if="clientCount[record.id].online.length" :title="t('online')">
                 <template #content>
                   <div v-for="email in clientCount[record.id].online" :key="email">{{ email }}</div>
                 </template>
@@ -436,7 +440,7 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
                       <td>↓ {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(record.down) }}</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr v-if="record.total > 0 && record.up + record.down < record.total">
-                      <td>Remaining</td>
+                      <td>{{ t('remained') }}</td>
                       <td>{{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(record.total - record.up - record.down) }}</td>
                     </tr>
                   </tbody>
@@ -476,19 +480,19 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
                 <table cellpadding="2">
                   <tbody>
                     <tr>
-                      <td>Protocol</td>
+                      <td>{{ t('pages.inbounds.protocol') }}</td>
                       <td><a-tag color="purple">{{ record.protocol }}</a-tag></td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
-                      <td>Port</td>
+                      <td>{{ t('pages.inbounds.port') }}</td>
                       <td><a-tag>{{ record.port }}</a-tag></td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr v-if="clientCount[record.id]">
-                      <td>Clients</td>
+                      <td>{{ t('clients') }}</td>
                       <td><a-tag color="blue">{{ clientCount[record.id].clients }}</a-tag></td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
-                      <td>Traffic</td>
+                      <td>{{ t('pages.inbounds.traffic') }}</td>
                       <td>
                         <a-tag>
                           {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(record.up + record.down) }} /
@@ -498,7 +502,7 @@ function showQrCodeMenu(dbInbound) {
                       </td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
-                      <td>Expiry</td>
+                      <td>{{ t('pages.inbounds.expireDate') }}</td>
                       <td>
                         <a-tag v-if="record.expiryTime > 0">{{ IntlUtil.formatRelativeTime(record.expiryTime) }}</a-tag>
                         <a-tag v-else color="purple">∞</a-tag>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/InboundsPage.vue b/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/InboundsPage.vue
index f479b36f..a5bb5ef1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/InboundsPage.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/InboundsPage.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <script setup>
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import { theme as antdTheme, Modal, message } from 'ant-design-vue';
 import {
   SwapOutlined,
@@ -25,6 +26,8 @@ import TextModal from '@/components/TextModal.vue';
 import PromptModal from '@/components/PromptModal.vue';
 import { useInbounds } from './useInbounds.js';
 
+const { t } = useI18n();
+
 const antdThemeConfig = computed(() => ({
   algorithm: themeState.isDark ? antdTheme.darkAlgorithm : antdTheme.defaultAlgorithm,
 }));
@@ -531,7 +534,7 @@ function onRowAction({ key, dbInbound }) {
                   <a-row :gutter="[16, 12]">
                     <a-col :sm="12" :md="5">
                       <CustomStatistic
-                        title="Total ↑ / ↓"
+                        :title="t('pages.inbounds.totalDownUp')"
                         :value="`${SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(totals.up)} / ${SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(totals.down)}`"
                       >
                         <template #prefix><SwapOutlined /></template>
@@ -539,7 +542,7 @@ function onRowAction({ key, dbInbound }) {
                     </a-col>
                     <a-col :sm="12" :md="5">
                       <CustomStatistic
-                        title="Total usage"
+                        :title="t('pages.inbounds.totalUsage')"
                         :value="SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(totals.up + totals.down)"
                       >
                         <template #prefix><PieChartOutlined /></template>
@@ -547,19 +550,19 @@ function onRowAction({ key, dbInbound }) {
                     </a-col>
                     <a-col :sm="12" :md="5">
                       <CustomStatistic
-                        title="All-time traffic"
+                        :title="t('pages.inbounds.allTimeTrafficUsage')"
                         :value="SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(totals.allTime)"
                       >
                         <template #prefix><HistoryOutlined /></template>
                       </CustomStatistic>
                     </a-col>
                     <a-col :sm="12" :md="5">
-                      <CustomStatistic title="Inbounds" :value="String(dbInbounds.length)">
+                      <CustomStatistic :title="t('pages.inbounds.inboundCount')" :value="String(dbInbounds.length)">
                         <template #prefix><BarsOutlined /></template>
                       </CustomStatistic>
                     </a-col>
                     <a-col :sm="24" :md="4">
-                      <CustomStatistic title="Clients" value=" ">
+                      <CustomStatistic :title="t('clients')" value=" ">
                         <template #prefix>
                           <a-space direction="horizontal">
                             <TeamOutlined />
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/index/IndexPage.vue b/frontend/src/pages/index/IndexPage.vue
index 42805641..f25f592a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/index/IndexPage.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/index/IndexPage.vue
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 <script setup>
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import { theme as antdTheme } from 'ant-design-vue';
 import { BarsOutlined, CloudServerOutlined, CloudDownloadOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons-vue';
 
+const { t } = useI18n();
+
 import { HttpUtil } from '@/utils';
 import { theme as themeState } from '@/composables/useTheme.js';
 import { useStatus } from '@/composables/useStatus.js';
@@ -104,29 +107,31 @@ function openVersionSwitch() { versionOpen.value = true; }
               </a-col>
 
               <a-col :sm="24" :lg="12">
-                <a-card title="Quick actions" hoverable>
+                <a-card :title="t('menu.link')" hoverable>
                   <template v-if="panelUpdateInfo.updateAvailable" #extra>
-                    <a-tooltip :title="`Update panel: ${panelUpdateInfo.latestVersion}`">
+                    <a-tooltip :title="`${t('pages.index.updatePanel')}: ${panelUpdateInfo.latestVersion}`">
                       <a-tag color="orange" class="update-tag" @click="panelUpdateOpen = true">
                         <CloudDownloadOutlined />
                         {{ panelUpdateInfo.latestVersion }}
-                        <span v-if="!isMobile">Update</span>
+                        <span v-if="!isMobile">{{ t('update') }}</span>
                       </a-tag>
                     </a-tooltip>
                   </template>
                   <template #actions>
                     <a-space class="action" @click="logsOpen = true">
                       <BarsOutlined />
-                      <span v-if="!isMobile">Logs</span>
+                      <span v-if="!isMobile">{{ t('pages.index.logs') }}</span>
                     </a-space>
                     <a-space class="action" @click="backupOpen = true">
                       <CloudServerOutlined />
-                      <span v-if="!isMobile">Backup</span>
+                      <span v-if="!isMobile">{{ t('pages.index.backupTitle') }}</span>
                     </a-space>
                     <a-space class="action" @click="panelUpdateOpen = true">
                       <CloudDownloadOutlined />
                       <span v-if="!isMobile">
-                        {{ panelUpdateInfo.updateAvailable ? `Update → ${panelUpdateInfo.latestVersion}` : 'Up to date' }}
+                        {{ panelUpdateInfo.updateAvailable
+                          ? `${t('update')} → ${panelUpdateInfo.latestVersion}`
+                          : t('pages.index.panelUpToDate') }}
                       </span>
                     </a-space>
                   </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/index/StatusCard.vue b/frontend/src/pages/index/StatusCard.vue
index 024dd424..e0c10221 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/index/StatusCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/index/StatusCard.vue
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 <script setup>
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import { AreaChartOutlined, HistoryOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons-vue';
 
 import { CPUFormatter, SizeFormatter } from '@/utils';
 
+const { t } = useI18n();
+
 defineProps({
   status: { type: Object, required: true },
   isMobile: { type: Boolean, default: false },
@@ -25,16 +28,16 @@ defineEmits(['open-cpu-history']);
               :percent="status.cpu.percent"
             />
             <div>
-              <b>CPU:</b> {{ CPUFormatter.cpuCoreFormat(status.cpuCores) }}
+              <b>{{ t('pages.index.cpu') }}:</b> {{ CPUFormatter.cpuCoreFormat(status.cpuCores) }}
               <a-tooltip>
                 <template #title>
-                  <div><b>Logical processors:</b> {{ status.logicalPro }}</div>
-                  <div><b>Frequency:</b> {{ CPUFormatter.cpuSpeedFormat(status.cpuSpeedMhz) }}</div>
+                  <div><b>{{ t('pages.index.logicalProcessors') }}:</b> {{ status.logicalPro }}</div>
+                  <div><b>{{ t('pages.index.frequency') }}:</b> {{ CPUFormatter.cpuSpeedFormat(status.cpuSpeedMhz) }}</div>
                 </template>
                 <AreaChartOutlined />
               </a-tooltip>
               <a-tooltip>
-                <template #title>CPU history</template>
+                <template #title>{{ t('pages.index.cpu') }}</template>
                 <a-button size="small" shape="circle" class="ml-8" @click="$emit('open-cpu-history')">
                   <template #icon><HistoryOutlined /></template>
                 </a-button>
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ defineEmits(['open-cpu-history']);
               :percent="status.mem.percent"
             />
             <div>
-              <b>Memory:</b> {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.mem.current) }} /
+              <b>{{ t('pages.index.memory') }}:</b> {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.mem.current) }} /
               {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.mem.total) }}
             </div>
           </a-col>
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ defineEmits(['open-cpu-history']);
               :percent="status.swap.percent"
             />
             <div>
-              <b>Swap:</b> {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.swap.current) }} /
+              <b>{{ t('pages.index.swap') }}:</b> {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.swap.current) }} /
               {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.swap.total) }}
             </div>
           </a-col>
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ defineEmits(['open-cpu-history']);
               :percent="status.disk.percent"
             />
             <div>
-              <b>Storage:</b> {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.disk.current) }} /
+              <b>{{ t('pages.index.storage') }}:</b> {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.disk.current) }} /
               {{ SizeFormatter.sizeFormat(status.disk.total) }}
             </div>
           </a-col>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/index/XrayStatusCard.vue b/frontend/src/pages/index/XrayStatusCard.vue
index 8e9eee6e..5bf2a9f6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/index/XrayStatusCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/index/XrayStatusCard.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <script setup>
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import {
   BarsOutlined,
   PoweroffOutlined,
@@ -6,6 +7,8 @@ import {
   ToolOutlined,
 } from '@ant-design/icons-vue';
 
+const { t } = useI18n();
+
 defineProps({
   status: { type: Object, required: true },
   isMobile: { type: Boolean, default: false },
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ function badgeAnimationClass(color) {
   <a-card hoverable>
     <template #title>
       <a-space direction="horizontal">
-        <span>Xray status</span>
+        <span>{{ t('pages.index.xrayStatus') }}</span>
         <a-tag v-if="isMobile && status.xray.version && status.xray.version !== 'Unknown'" color="green">
           v{{ status.xray.version }}
         </a-tag>
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ function badgeAnimationClass(color) {
         <a-popover>
           <template #title>
             <a-row type="flex" align="middle" justify="space-between">
-              <a-col><span>Xray error</span></a-col>
+              <a-col><span>{{ t('pages.index.xrayStatusError') }}</span></a-col>
               <a-col>
                 <BarsOutlined class="cursor-pointer" @click="$emit('open-logs')" />
               </a-col>
@@ -74,22 +77,22 @@ function badgeAnimationClass(color) {
     <template #actions>
       <a-space v-if="ipLimitEnable" direction="horizontal" class="action" @click="$emit('open-xray-logs')">
         <BarsOutlined />
-        <span v-if="!isMobile">Logs</span>
+        <span v-if="!isMobile">{{ t('pages.index.logs') }}</span>
       </a-space>
       <a-space direction="horizontal" class="action" @click="$emit('stop-xray')">
         <PoweroffOutlined />
-        <span v-if="!isMobile">Stop xray</span>
+        <span v-if="!isMobile">{{ t('pages.index.stopXray') }}</span>
       </a-space>
       <a-space direction="horizontal" class="action" @click="$emit('restart-xray')">
         <ReloadOutlined />
-        <span v-if="!isMobile">Restart xray</span>
+        <span v-if="!isMobile">{{ t('pages.index.restartXray') }}</span>
       </a-space>
       <a-space direction="horizontal" class="action" @click="$emit('open-version-switch')">
         <ToolOutlined />
         <span v-if="!isMobile">
           {{ status.xray.version && status.xray.version !== 'Unknown'
             ? `v${status.xray.version}`
-            : 'Switch xray' }}
+            : t('pages.index.xraySwitch') }}
         </span>
       </a-space>
     </template>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/settings/SettingsPage.vue b/frontend/src/pages/settings/SettingsPage.vue
index d1920b3c..3fceaa92 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/settings/SettingsPage.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/settings/SettingsPage.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <script setup>
 import { computed, onMounted, ref } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import { theme as antdTheme, Modal } from 'ant-design-vue';
 import {
   SettingOutlined,
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ import TelegramTab from './TelegramTab.vue';
 import SubscriptionGeneralTab from './SubscriptionGeneralTab.vue';
 import SubscriptionFormatsTab from './SubscriptionFormatsTab.vue';
 
+const { t } = useI18n();
+
 const antdThemeConfig = computed(() => ({
   algorithm: themeState.isDark ? antdTheme.darkAlgorithm : antdTheme.defaultAlgorithm,
 }));
@@ -185,10 +188,10 @@ const alertVisible = ref(true);
                       <a-col :xs="24" :sm="10" class="header-actions">
                         <a-space direction="horizontal">
                           <a-button type="primary" :disabled="saveDisabled" @click="saveAll">
-                            Save
+                            {{ t('pages.settings.save') }}
                           </a-button>
                           <a-button type="primary" danger :disabled="!saveDisabled" @click="restartPanel">
-                            Restart panel
+                            {{ t('pages.settings.restartPanel') }}
                           </a-button>
                         </a-space>
                       </a-col>
@@ -197,7 +200,7 @@ const alertVisible = ref(true);
                         <a-alert
                           type="warning"
                           show-icon
-                          message="Save before restarting — unsaved changes are dropped on restart."
+                          :message="t('pages.settings.infoDesc')"
                         />
                       </a-col>
                     </a-row>
@@ -209,28 +212,28 @@ const alertVisible = ref(true);
                     <a-tab-pane key="1" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
                         <SettingOutlined />
-                        <span>Panel</span>
+                        <span>{{ t('pages.settings.panelSettings') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <GeneralTab :all-setting="allSetting" />
                     </a-tab-pane>
                     <a-tab-pane key="2" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
                         <SafetyOutlined />
-                        <span>Security</span>
+                        <span>{{ t('pages.settings.securitySettings') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <SecurityTab :all-setting="allSetting" />
                     </a-tab-pane>
                     <a-tab-pane key="3" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
                         <MessageOutlined />
-                        <span>Telegram</span>
+                        <span>{{ t('pages.settings.TGBotSettings') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <TelegramTab :all-setting="allSetting" />
                     </a-tab-pane>
                     <a-tab-pane key="4" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
                         <CloudServerOutlined />
-                        <span>Subscription</span>
+                        <span>{{ t('pages.settings.subSettings') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <SubscriptionGeneralTab :all-setting="allSetting" />
                     </a-tab-pane>
@@ -241,7 +244,7 @@ const alertVisible = ref(true);
                     >
                       <template #tab>
                         <CodeOutlined />
-                        <span>Subscription (Formats)</span>
+                        <span>{{ t('pages.settings.subSettings') }} (Formats)</span>
                       </template>
                       <SubscriptionFormatsTab :all-setting="allSetting" />
                     </a-tab-pane>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/xray/XrayPage.vue b/frontend/src/pages/xray/XrayPage.vue
index 90db51a6..ccbf9f6c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/xray/XrayPage.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/xray/XrayPage.vue
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 <script setup>
 import { computed, ref } from 'vue';
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
 import { theme as antdTheme, Modal } from 'ant-design-vue';
 import {
   SettingOutlined,
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ import WarpModal from './WarpModal.vue';
 import NordModal from './NordModal.vue';
 import { useXraySetting } from './useXraySetting.js';
 
+const { t } = useI18n();
+
 // Phase 6-i: scaffold + advanced JSON tab. Other tabs (Basics, Routing,
 // Outbounds, Balancers, DNS) land in subsequent 6-ii…vi commits — they
 // each need their own tree of structured forms or a dedicated modal.
@@ -161,10 +164,10 @@ function confirmRestart() {
                       <a-col :xs="24" :sm="14" class="header-actions">
                         <a-space direction="horizontal">
                           <a-button type="primary" :disabled="saveDisabled" @click="saveAll">
-                            Save
+                            {{ t('pages.xray.save') }}
                           </a-button>
                           <a-button type="primary" danger :disabled="!saveDisabled" @click="confirmRestart">
-                            Restart xray
+                            {{ t('pages.xray.restart') }}
                           </a-button>
                           <a-popover v-if="restartResult" placement="rightTop">
                             <template #title>Xray restart output</template>
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ function confirmRestart() {
                         <a-alert
                           type="warning"
                           show-icon
-                          message="Save before restarting — unsaved changes are dropped on restart."
+                          :message="t('pages.settings.infoDesc')"
                         />
                       </a-col>
                     </a-row>
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ function confirmRestart() {
                   <a-tabs default-active-key="tpl-basic">
                     <a-tab-pane key="tpl-basic" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
-                        <SettingOutlined /> <span>Basic template</span>
+                        <SettingOutlined /> <span>{{ t('pages.xray.basicTemplate') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <BasicsTab
                         :template-settings="templateSettings"
@@ -207,7 +210,7 @@ function confirmRestart() {
 
                     <a-tab-pane key="tpl-routing" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
-                        <SwapOutlined /> <span>Routing</span>
+                        <SwapOutlined /> <span>{{ t('pages.xray.Routings') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <RoutingTab
                         :template-settings="templateSettings"
@@ -219,7 +222,7 @@ function confirmRestart() {
 
                     <a-tab-pane key="tpl-outbound" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
-                        <UploadOutlined /> <span>Outbounds</span>
+                        <UploadOutlined /> <span>{{ t('pages.xray.Outbounds') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <OutboundsTab
                         :template-settings="templateSettings"
@@ -236,7 +239,7 @@ function confirmRestart() {
 
                     <a-tab-pane key="tpl-balancer" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
-                        <ClusterOutlined /> <span>Balancers</span>
+                        <ClusterOutlined /> <span>{{ t('pages.xray.Balancers') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <BalancersTab :template-settings="templateSettings" />
                     </a-tab-pane>
@@ -250,7 +253,7 @@ function confirmRestart() {
 
                     <a-tab-pane key="tpl-advanced" class="tab-pane">
                       <template #tab>
-                        <CodeOutlined /> <span>Advanced (JSON)</span>
+                        <CodeOutlined /> <span>{{ t('pages.xray.advancedTemplate') }}</span>
                       </template>
                       <a-form layout="vertical">
                         <a-form-item label="Outbound test URL">