fix:

web/service/inbound.go

@@ -1537,6 +1537,9 @@ func (s *InboundService) autoRenewClients(tx *gorm.DB) (bool, int64, error) {
 	for _, traffic := range traffics {
 		inbound_ids = append(inbound_ids, traffic.InboundId)
 	}
+	// Dedupe so an inbound hosting N expired clients is fetched and saved once
+	// per tick instead of N times across chunk boundaries.
+	inbound_ids = uniqueInts(inbound_ids)
 	// Chunked to stay under SQLite's bind-variable limit when many inbounds
 	// are touched in a single tick.
 	for _, batch := range chunkInts(inbound_ids, sqliteMaxVars) {
@@ -2523,6 +2526,23 @@ func uniqueNonEmptyStrings(in []string) []string {
 	return out
 }
 
+// uniqueInts returns a deduplicated copy of in, preserving order of first occurrence.
+func uniqueInts(in []int) []int {
+	if len(in) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	seen := make(map[int]struct{}, len(in))
+	out := make([]int, 0, len(in))
+	for _, v := range in {
+		if _, ok := seen[v]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[v] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, v)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 // chunkStrings splits s into consecutive sub-slices of at most size elements.
 // Returns nil for an empty input or non-positive size.
 func chunkStrings(s []string, size int) [][]string {

web/websocket/hub.go

@@ -39,10 +39,11 @@ const (
 	hubControlQueue   = 64   // Backlog for register/unregister bursts (page reloads, disconnect storms).
 
 	// minBroadcastInterval throttles per-type broadcasts so cron storms or
-	// rapid mutations cannot drown the hub. Bursts collapse to one delivery.
+	// rapid mutations cannot drown the hub. Bursts within the interval are
-	// Only message types in throttledMessageTypes are gated — heartbeat and
+	// dropped (not coalesced); the next broadcast outside the window delivers
-	// real-time signals (status, traffic, client_stats, notification,
+	// the latest state. Only message types in throttledMessageTypes are gated —
-	// xray_state, invalidate) bypass this so they are never delayed.
+	// heartbeat and real-time signals (status, traffic, client_stats,
+	// notification, xray_state, invalidate) bypass this so they are never delayed.
 	minBroadcastInterval = 250 * time.Millisecond
 
 	// hubRestartAttempts caps panic-recovery restarts. After this many
@@ -274,8 +275,10 @@ func trySend(c *Client, msg []byte) (ok bool) {
 
 // Broadcast serializes payload and queues it for delivery to all clients.
 // If the serialized message exceeds maxMessageSize, an invalidate signal is
-// queued instead so the frontend re-fetches via REST. Bursts of the same
+// queued instead so the frontend re-fetches via REST. Broadcasts of throttled
-// message type within minBroadcastInterval collapse to a single delivery.
+// message types (see throttledMessageTypes) within minBroadcastInterval of
+// the previous one are dropped — the next legitimate mutation will push the
+// fresh state.
 func (h *Hub) Broadcast(messageType MessageType, payload any) {
 	if h == nil || payload == nil || h.GetClientCount() == 0 {
 		return