diff --git a/database/model/model.go b/database/model/model.go
index 1865d1a9..98252f62 100644
--- a/database/model/model.go
+++ b/database/model/model.go
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ type Inbound struct {
 	Remark               string               `json:"remark" form:"remark"`                                                                            // Human-readable remark
 	Enable               bool                 `json:"enable" form:"enable" gorm:"index:idx_enable_traffic_reset,priority:1"`                           // Whether the inbound is enabled
 	ExpiryTime           int64                `json:"expiryTime" form:"expiryTime"`                                                                    // Expiration timestamp
+	DeviceLimit          int                  `json:"deviceLimit" form:"deviceLimit" gorm:"column:device_limit;default:0"`                             // Active device/IP limit by inbound
 	TrafficReset         string               `json:"trafficReset" form:"trafficReset" gorm:"default:never;index:idx_enable_traffic_reset,priority:2"` // Traffic reset schedule
 	LastTrafficResetTime int64                `json:"lastTrafficResetTime" form:"lastTrafficResetTime" gorm:"default:0"`                               // Last traffic reset timestamp
 	ClientStats          []xray.ClientTraffic `gorm:"foreignKey:InboundId;references:Id" json:"clientStats" form:"clientStats"`                        // Client traffic statistics
diff --git a/web/assets/js/model/dbinbound.js b/web/assets/js/model/dbinbound.js
index befc618e..ea20d855 100644
--- a/web/assets/js/model/dbinbound.js
+++ b/web/assets/js/model/dbinbound.js
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ class DBInbound {
         this.remark = "";
         this.enable = true;
         this.expiryTime = 0;
+        this.deviceLimit = 0;
         this.trafficReset = "never";
         this.lastTrafficResetTime = 0;
 
@@ -148,4 +149,4 @@ class DBInbound {
         const inbound = this.toInbound();
         return inbound.genInboundLinks(this.remark, remarkModel);
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/web/html/form/client.html b/web/html/form/client.html
index 3cc13b89..cf99e3b3 100644
--- a/web/html/form/client.html
+++ b/web/html/form/client.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
             mode="combobox"
             show-search
             allow-clear
-            :filter-option="filterEmailOption"
+            :filter-option="(input, option) => String(option.componentOptions?.propsData?.value || '').toLowerCase().includes(String(input || '').toLowerCase())"
             :dropdown-class-name="themeSwitcher.currentTheme"
             :not-found-content="emailOptions.length === 0 ? null : undefined"
             :placeholder='{{ printf "%q" (i18n "pages.inbounds.emailSelectPlaceholder") }}'>
diff --git a/web/html/form/inbound.html b/web/html/form/inbound.html
index 8b59dc28..dcce4e0f 100644
--- a/web/html/form/inbound.html
+++ b/web/html/form/inbound.html
@@ -49,6 +49,20 @@
             :min="0"></a-input-number>
     </a-form-item>
 
+    <a-form-item>
+        <template slot="label">
+            <a-tooltip>
+                <template slot="title">
+                    <span>{{ i18n "pages.inbounds.deviceLimitDesc" }}</span>
+                </template>
+                {{ i18n "pages.inbounds.deviceLimit" }}
+                <a-icon type="question-circle"></a-icon>
+            </a-tooltip>
+        </template>
+        <a-input-number v-model.number="dbInbound.deviceLimit"
+            :min="0"></a-input-number>
+    </a-form-item>
+
     <a-form-item>
         <template slot="label">
             <a-tooltip>
@@ -170,4 +184,4 @@
     </a-collapse-panel>
 </a-collapse>
 
-{{end}}
\ No newline at end of file
+{{end}}
diff --git a/web/html/inbounds.html b/web/html/inbounds.html
index f0298a8a..fda4aca2 100644
--- a/web/html/inbounds.html
+++ b/web/html/inbounds.html
@@ -645,6 +645,11 @@
     align: 'left',
     width: 50,
     scopedSlots: { customRender: 'clients' },
+  }, {
+    title: '{{ i18n "pages.inbounds.deviceLimit" }}',
+    align: 'center',
+    width: 45,
+    dataIndex: "deviceLimit",
   }, {
     title: '{{ i18n "pages.inbounds.traffic" }}',
     align: 'center',
@@ -1030,6 +1035,7 @@
           remark: dbInbound.remark + " - Cloned",
           enable: dbInbound.enable,
           expiryTime: dbInbound.expiryTime,
+          deviceLimit: dbInbound.deviceLimit,
           trafficReset: dbInbound.trafficReset,
           lastTrafficResetTime: dbInbound.lastTrafficResetTime,
 
@@ -1076,6 +1082,7 @@
           remark: dbInbound.remark,
           enable: dbInbound.enable,
           expiryTime: dbInbound.expiryTime,
+          deviceLimit: dbInbound.deviceLimit,
           trafficReset: dbInbound.trafficReset,
           lastTrafficResetTime: dbInbound.lastTrafficResetTime,
 
@@ -1101,6 +1108,7 @@
           remark: dbInbound.remark,
           enable: dbInbound.enable,
           expiryTime: dbInbound.expiryTime,
+          deviceLimit: dbInbound.deviceLimit,
           trafficReset: dbInbound.trafficReset,
           lastTrafficResetTime: dbInbound.lastTrafficResetTime,
 
diff --git a/web/job/check_client_ip_job.go b/web/job/check_client_ip_job.go
index cbc352dc..9ea79936 100644
--- a/web/job/check_client_ip_job.go
+++ b/web/job/check_client_ip_job.go
@@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ package job
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
-	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/database"
 	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/database/model"
 	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/logger"
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/web/service"
 	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/xray"
 )
 
@@ -26,15 +26,25 @@ type IPWithTimestamp struct {
 
 // CheckClientIpJob monitors client IP addresses from access logs and manages IP blocking based on configured limits.
 type CheckClientIpJob struct {
-	lastClear     int64
-	disAllowedIps []string
+	lastClear       int64
+	tempBansByEmail map[string]int64
+	inboundService  service.InboundService
+	xrayService     *service.XrayService
 }
 
 var job *CheckClientIpJob
 
+const (
+	ipLimitWindowDuration = 3 * time.Minute
+	ipLimitBanDuration    = 3 * time.Minute
+)
+
 // NewCheckClientIpJob creates a new client IP monitoring job instance.
-func NewCheckClientIpJob() *CheckClientIpJob {
-	job = new(CheckClientIpJob)
+func NewCheckClientIpJob(xrayService *service.XrayService) *CheckClientIpJob {
+	job = &CheckClientIpJob{
+		tempBansByEmail: map[string]int64{},
+		xrayService:     xrayService,
+	}
 	return job
 }
 
@@ -45,24 +55,13 @@ func (j *CheckClientIpJob) Run() {
 
 	shouldClearAccessLog := false
 	iplimitActive := j.hasLimitIp()
-	f2bInstalled := j.checkFail2BanInstalled()
 	isAccessLogAvailable := j.checkAccessLogAvailable(iplimitActive)
 
+	j.restoreExpiredClientAccess()
+
 	if isAccessLogAvailable {
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-			if iplimitActive {
-				shouldClearAccessLog = j.processLogFile()
-			}
-		} else {
-			if iplimitActive {
-				if f2bInstalled {
-					shouldClearAccessLog = j.processLogFile()
-				} else {
-					if !f2bInstalled {
-						logger.Warning("[LimitIP] Fail2Ban is not installed, Please install Fail2Ban from the x-ui bash menu.")
-					}
-				}
-			}
+		if iplimitActive {
+			shouldClearAccessLog = j.processLogFile()
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -199,13 +198,6 @@ func (j *CheckClientIpJob) processLogFile() bool {
 	return shouldCleanLog
 }
 
-func (j *CheckClientIpJob) checkFail2BanInstalled() bool {
-	cmd := "fail2ban-client"
-	args := []string{"-h"}
-	err := exec.Command(cmd, args...).Run()
-	return err == nil
-}
-
 func (j *CheckClientIpJob) checkAccessLogAvailable(iplimitActive bool) bool {
 	accessLogPath, err := xray.GetAccessLogPath()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -329,7 +321,6 @@ func (j *CheckClientIpJob) updateInboundClientIps(inboundClientIps *model.Inboun
 	})
 
 	shouldCleanLog := false
-	j.disAllowedIps = []string{}
 
 	// Open log file
 	logIpFile, err := os.OpenFile(xray.GetIPLimitLogPath(), os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
@@ -341,27 +332,23 @@ func (j *CheckClientIpJob) updateInboundClientIps(inboundClientIps *model.Inboun
 	log.SetOutput(logIpFile)
 	log.SetFlags(log.LstdFlags)
 
-	// Check if we exceed the limit
-	if len(allIps) > limitIp {
+	recentIps := j.filterRecentIPs(allIps, time.Now().Add(-ipLimitWindowDuration).Unix())
+
+	jsonIps, _ := json.Marshal(recentIps)
+	inboundClientIps.Ips = string(jsonIps)
+
+	// Check if the recent 3-minute window exceeds the limit.
+	if len(recentIps) > limitIp {
 		shouldCleanLog = true
-
-		// Keep the oldest IPs (currently active connections) and ban the new excess ones.
-		keptIps := allIps[:limitIp]
-		bannedIps := allIps[limitIp:]
-
-		// Log banned IPs in the format fail2ban filters expect: [LIMIT_IP] Email = X || Disconnecting OLD IP = Y || Timestamp = Z
-		for _, ipTime := range bannedIps {
-			j.disAllowedIps = append(j.disAllowedIps, ipTime.IP)
-			log.Printf("[LIMIT_IP] Email = %s || Disconnecting OLD IP = %s || Timestamp = %d", clientEmail, ipTime.IP, ipTime.Timestamp)
+		for _, ipTime := range recentIps {
+			log.Printf("[LIMIT_IP] Email = %s || Recent IP = %s || Timestamp = %d", clientEmail, ipTime.IP, ipTime.Timestamp)
 		}
 
-		// Update database with only the currently active (kept) IPs
-		jsonIps, _ := json.Marshal(keptIps)
-		inboundClientIps.Ips = string(jsonIps)
-	} else {
-		// Under limit, save all IPs
-		jsonIps, _ := json.Marshal(allIps)
-		inboundClientIps.Ips = string(jsonIps)
+		if err := j.disableClientTemporarily(clientEmail, ipLimitBanDuration); err != nil {
+			logger.Warningf("[LIMIT_IP] Failed to temporarily disable client %s: %v", clientEmail, err)
+		} else {
+			logger.Infof("[LIMIT_IP] Client %s: observed %d IPs in the last 3 minutes (limit=%d), temporarily disabled for 3 minutes", clientEmail, len(recentIps), limitIp)
+		}
 	}
 
 	db := database.GetDB()
@@ -371,10 +358,6 @@ func (j *CheckClientIpJob) updateInboundClientIps(inboundClientIps *model.Inboun
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if len(j.disAllowedIps) > 0 {
-		logger.Infof("[LIMIT_IP] Client %s: Kept %d current IPs, queued %d new IPs for fail2ban", clientEmail, limitIp, len(j.disAllowedIps))
-	}
-
 	return shouldCleanLog
 }
 
@@ -389,3 +372,57 @@ func (j *CheckClientIpJob) getInboundByEmail(clientEmail string) (*model.Inbound
 
 	return inbound, nil
 }
+
+func (j *CheckClientIpJob) disableClientTemporarily(clientEmail string, duration time.Duration) error {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	if until, ok := j.tempBansByEmail[clientEmail]; ok && until > now {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	changed, needRestart, err := j.inboundService.SetClientEnableByEmail(clientEmail, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if needRestart && j.xrayService != nil {
+		j.xrayService.SetToNeedRestart()
+	}
+	if !changed {
+		return fmt.Errorf("client %s was not disabled", clientEmail)
+	}
+
+	j.tempBansByEmail[clientEmail] = time.Now().Add(duration).Unix()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (j *CheckClientIpJob) restoreExpiredClientAccess() {
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	for clientEmail, until := range j.tempBansByEmail {
+		if until > now {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		changed, needRestart, err := j.inboundService.SetClientEnableByEmail(clientEmail, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Warningf("[LIMIT_IP] Failed to restore client %s after temporary disable: %v", clientEmail, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if needRestart && j.xrayService != nil {
+			j.xrayService.SetToNeedRestart()
+		}
+
+		delete(j.tempBansByEmail, clientEmail)
+		if changed {
+			logger.Infof("[LIMIT_IP] Client %s: temporary 3-minute disable expired, access restored", clientEmail)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (j *CheckClientIpJob) filterRecentIPs(ips []IPWithTimestamp, minTimestamp int64) []IPWithTimestamp {
+	recent := make([]IPWithTimestamp, 0, len(ips))
+	for _, ipTime := range ips {
+		if ipTime.Timestamp >= minTimestamp {
+			recent = append(recent, ipTime)
+		}
+	}
+	return recent
+}
diff --git a/web/job/check_device_limit_job.go b/web/job/check_device_limit_job.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7299321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/job/check_device_limit_job.go
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+package job
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/database"
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/database/model"
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/logger"
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/web/service"
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/xray"
+)
+
+var (
+	activeClientIPs   = make(map[string]map[string]time.Time)
+	activeClientsLock sync.RWMutex
+
+	clientStatus   = make(map[string]bool)
+	clientStatusMu sync.RWMutex
+)
+
+type CheckDeviceLimitJob struct {
+	inboundService service.InboundService
+	xrayService    *service.XrayService
+	xrayAPI        xray.XrayAPI
+	lastPosition   int64
+
+	violationStartTime map[string]time.Time
+	violationMu        sync.Mutex
+	running            atomic.Bool
+
+	isXrayRunning    func() bool
+	getAPIPort       func() int
+	loadAllInbounds  func() ([]*model.Inbound, error)
+	getClientTraffic func(email string) (*xray.ClientTraffic, error)
+	getClientByEmail func(email string) (*xray.ClientTraffic, *model.Client, error)
+	apiInit          func(apiPort int) error
+	apiClose         func()
+	removeUser       func(inboundTag, email string) error
+	addUser          func(protocol, inboundTag string, user map[string]any) error
+	sleep            func(time.Duration)
+}
+
+type deviceInboundInfo struct {
+	Limit    int
+	Tag      string
+	Protocol model.Protocol
+	Enable   bool
+}
+
+func NewCheckDeviceLimitJob(xrayService *service.XrayService) *CheckDeviceLimitJob {
+	j := &CheckDeviceLimitJob{
+		xrayService:        xrayService,
+		violationStartTime: make(map[string]time.Time),
+	}
+	j.isXrayRunning = func() bool {
+		return j.xrayService != nil && j.xrayService.IsXrayRunning()
+	}
+	j.getAPIPort = func() int {
+		if j.xrayService == nil {
+			return 0
+		}
+		return j.xrayService.GetAPIPort()
+	}
+	j.loadAllInbounds = func() ([]*model.Inbound, error) {
+		db := database.GetDB()
+		var inbounds []*model.Inbound
+		err := db.Find(&inbounds).Error
+		return inbounds, err
+	}
+	j.getClientTraffic = func(email string) (*xray.ClientTraffic, error) {
+		return j.inboundService.GetClientTrafficByEmail(email)
+	}
+	j.getClientByEmail = func(email string) (*xray.ClientTraffic, *model.Client, error) {
+		return j.inboundService.GetClientByEmail(email)
+	}
+	j.apiInit = j.xrayAPI.Init
+	j.apiClose = j.xrayAPI.Close
+	j.removeUser = j.xrayAPI.RemoveUser
+	j.addUser = j.xrayAPI.AddUser
+	j.sleep = time.Sleep
+	return j
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) Run() {
+	// Avoid concurrent re-entrancy when previous run is still processing.
+	if !j.running.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		return
+	}
+	defer j.running.Store(false)
+
+	if j.isXrayRunning == nil || !j.isXrayRunning() {
+		return
+	}
+	j.cleanupExpiredIPs()
+	j.parseAccessLog()
+	j.checkAllClientsLimit()
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) cleanupExpiredIPs() {
+	activeClientsLock.Lock()
+	defer activeClientsLock.Unlock()
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	const activeTTL = 3 * time.Minute
+	for email, ips := range activeClientIPs {
+		for ip, lastSeen := range ips {
+			if now.Sub(lastSeen) > activeTTL {
+				delete(activeClientIPs[email], ip)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(activeClientIPs[email]) == 0 {
+			delete(activeClientIPs, email)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) parseAccessLog() {
+	logPath, err := xray.GetAccessLogPath()
+	if err != nil || logPath == "none" || logPath == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	file, err := os.Open(logPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	if _, err = file.Seek(j.lastPosition, 0); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	emailRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`email: ([^ ]+)`)
+	ipRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`from (?:tcp:|udp:)?\[?([0-9a-fA-F\.:]+)\]?:\d+ accepted`)
+
+	activeClientsLock.Lock()
+	defer activeClientsLock.Unlock()
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		emailMatch := emailRegex.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+		ipMatch := ipRegex.FindStringSubmatch(line)
+		if len(emailMatch) <= 1 || len(ipMatch) <= 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		email := emailMatch[1]
+		ip := ipMatch[1]
+		if ip == "127.0.0.1" || ip == "::1" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := activeClientIPs[email]; !ok {
+			activeClientIPs[email] = make(map[string]time.Time)
+		}
+		activeClientIPs[email][ip] = now
+	}
+
+	currentPosition, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekEnd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if currentPosition < j.lastPosition {
+		j.lastPosition = 0
+		return
+	}
+	j.lastPosition = currentPosition
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) checkAllClientsLimit() {
+	if j.loadAllInbounds == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	allInbounds, err := j.loadAllInbounds()
+	if err != nil || len(allInbounds) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	apiPort := j.getAPIPort()
+	if apiPort == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := j.apiInit(apiPort); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer j.apiClose()
+
+	inboundInfoMap := make(map[int]deviceInboundInfo, len(allInbounds))
+	for _, inbound := range allInbounds {
+		inboundInfoMap[inbound.Id] = deviceInboundInfo{
+			Limit:    inbound.DeviceLimit,
+			Tag:      inbound.Tag,
+			Protocol: inbound.Protocol,
+			Enable:   inbound.Enable,
+		}
+	}
+
+	activeCounts := make(map[string]int)
+	activeClientsLock.RLock()
+	for email, ips := range activeClientIPs {
+		activeCounts[email] = len(ips)
+	}
+	activeClientsLock.RUnlock()
+
+	bannedSnapshot := make(map[string]bool)
+	clientStatusMu.RLock()
+	for email, banned := range clientStatus {
+		if banned {
+			bannedSnapshot[email] = true
+		}
+	}
+	clientStatusMu.RUnlock()
+
+	for email, activeIPCount := range activeCounts {
+		traffic, err := j.getClientTraffic(email)
+		if err != nil || traffic == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		info, ok := inboundInfoMap[traffic.InboundId]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		isBanned := j.isClientBanned(email)
+		enforcementEnabled := info.Enable && info.Limit > 0
+
+		// If this client was previously banned but device-limit is now disabled
+		// (or inbound is disabled), immediately restore access.
+		if isBanned && !enforcementEnabled {
+			j.violationMu.Lock()
+			delete(j.violationStartTime, email)
+			j.violationMu.Unlock()
+			j.unbanUser(email, activeIPCount, info)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !enforcementEnabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if activeIPCount > info.Limit && !isBanned {
+			j.violationMu.Lock()
+			startTime, exists := j.violationStartTime[email]
+			if !exists {
+				j.violationStartTime[email] = time.Now()
+				j.violationMu.Unlock()
+				continue
+			}
+			if time.Since(startTime) < 3*time.Minute {
+				j.violationMu.Unlock()
+				continue
+			}
+			delete(j.violationStartTime, email)
+			j.violationMu.Unlock()
+
+			j.banUser(email, activeIPCount, info)
+		}
+
+		if activeIPCount <= info.Limit {
+			j.violationMu.Lock()
+			delete(j.violationStartTime, email)
+			j.violationMu.Unlock()
+
+			if isBanned {
+				j.unbanUser(email, activeIPCount, info)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for email := range bannedSnapshot {
+		if _, online := activeCounts[email]; online {
+			continue
+		}
+		traffic, err := j.getClientTraffic(email)
+		if err != nil || traffic == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		info, ok := inboundInfoMap[traffic.InboundId]
+		if !ok {
+			// Inbound no longer exists; clear stale ban marker.
+			j.clearClientBanned(email)
+			j.violationMu.Lock()
+			delete(j.violationStartTime, email)
+			j.violationMu.Unlock()
+			continue
+		}
+		// Offline users should be restored when enforcement is disabled too.
+		if !info.Enable || info.Limit <= 0 {
+			j.unbanUser(email, 0, info)
+			continue
+		}
+		j.unbanUser(email, 0, info)
+	}
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) banUser(email string, activeIPCount int, info deviceInboundInfo) {
+	_, client, err := j.getClientByEmail(email)
+	if err != nil || client == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	logger.Infof("[DeviceLimit] banning email=%s limit=%d current=%d", email, info.Limit, activeIPCount)
+	_ = j.removeUser(info.Tag, email)
+	j.sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+	tempClient := *client
+	if tempClient.ID != "" {
+		tempClient.ID = randomUUID()
+	}
+	if tempClient.Password != "" {
+		tempClient.Password = randomUUID()
+	}
+
+	clientMap := map[string]any{}
+	clientJSON, _ := json.Marshal(tempClient)
+	_ = json.Unmarshal(clientJSON, &clientMap)
+
+	if err = j.addUser(string(info.Protocol), info.Tag, clientMap); err != nil {
+		logger.Warningf("[DeviceLimit] failed to ban user %s: %v", email, err)
+		return
+	}
+	j.setClientBanned(email, true)
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) unbanUser(email string, activeIPCount int, info deviceInboundInfo) {
+	_, client, err := j.getClientByEmail(email)
+	if err != nil || client == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	logger.Infof("[DeviceLimit] unbanning email=%s limit=%d current=%d", email, info.Limit, activeIPCount)
+	_ = j.removeUser(info.Tag, email)
+	j.sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+	clientMap := map[string]any{}
+	clientJSON, _ := json.Marshal(client)
+	_ = json.Unmarshal(clientJSON, &clientMap)
+
+	if err = j.addUser(string(info.Protocol), info.Tag, clientMap); err != nil {
+		logger.Warningf("[DeviceLimit] failed to restore user %s: %v", email, err)
+		return
+	}
+	j.clearClientBanned(email)
+}
+
+func randomUUID() string {
+	uuid := make([]byte, 16)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(uuid); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("fallback-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	}
+	uuid[6] = (uuid[6] & 0x0f) | 0x40
+	uuid[8] = (uuid[8] & 0x3f) | 0x80
+	return hex.EncodeToString(uuid[0:4]) + "-" + hex.EncodeToString(uuid[4:6]) + "-" + hex.EncodeToString(uuid[6:8]) + "-" + hex.EncodeToString(uuid[8:10]) + "-" + hex.EncodeToString(uuid[10:16])
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) isClientBanned(email string) bool {
+	clientStatusMu.RLock()
+	defer clientStatusMu.RUnlock()
+	return clientStatus[email]
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) setClientBanned(email string, banned bool) {
+	clientStatusMu.Lock()
+	clientStatus[email] = banned
+	clientStatusMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (j *CheckDeviceLimitJob) clearClientBanned(email string) {
+	clientStatusMu.Lock()
+	delete(clientStatus, email)
+	clientStatusMu.Unlock()
+}
diff --git a/web/job/check_device_limit_job_test.go b/web/job/check_device_limit_job_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61a08efb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/job/check_device_limit_job_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package job
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/database/model"
+	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v2/xray"
+)
+
+func resetDeviceLimitJobGlobals() {
+	activeClientsLock.Lock()
+	activeClientIPs = make(map[string]map[string]time.Time)
+	activeClientsLock.Unlock()
+
+	clientStatusMu.Lock()
+	clientStatus = make(map[string]bool)
+	clientStatusMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func TestCheckDeviceLimitJob_Run_SkipWhenAlreadyRunning(t *testing.T) {
+	resetDeviceLimitJobGlobals()
+
+	j := NewCheckDeviceLimitJob(nil)
+	j.running.Store(true)
+	j.isXrayRunning = func() bool {
+		t.Fatal("Run should skip execution when already running")
+		return true
+	}
+
+	j.Run()
+}
+
+func TestCheckDeviceLimitJob_UnbanWhenEnforcementDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	resetDeviceLimitJobGlobals()
+
+	activeClientsLock.Lock()
+	activeClientIPs["alice@example.com"] = map[string]time.Time{
+		"1.2.3.4": time.Now(),
+	}
+	activeClientsLock.Unlock()
+
+	clientStatusMu.Lock()
+	clientStatus["alice@example.com"] = true
+	clientStatusMu.Unlock()
+
+	j := NewCheckDeviceLimitJob(nil)
+	j.getAPIPort = func() int { return 10085 }
+	j.apiInit = func(int) error { return nil }
+	j.apiClose = func() {}
+	j.sleep = func(time.Duration) {}
+	j.loadAllInbounds = func() ([]*model.Inbound, error) {
+		return []*model.Inbound{
+			{
+				Id:          1,
+				Enable:      false, // Enforcement disabled
+				DeviceLimit: 0,
+				Tag:         "inbound-10001",
+				Protocol:    model.VLESS,
+			},
+		}, nil
+	}
+	j.getClientTraffic = func(email string) (*xray.ClientTraffic, error) {
+		return &xray.ClientTraffic{InboundId: 1, Email: email}, nil
+	}
+	j.getClientByEmail = func(email string) (*xray.ClientTraffic, *model.Client, error) {
+		return &xray.ClientTraffic{InboundId: 1, Email: email}, &model.Client{ID: "orig-id", Email: email}, nil
+	}
+
+	removeCalls := 0
+	addCalls := 0
+	j.removeUser = func(inboundTag, email string) error {
+		removeCalls++
+		return nil
+	}
+	j.addUser = func(protocol, inboundTag string, user map[string]any) error {
+		addCalls++
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	j.checkAllClientsLimit()
+
+	if removeCalls != 1 || addCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one restore cycle, got remove=%d add=%d", removeCalls, addCalls)
+	}
+	if j.isClientBanned("alice@example.com") {
+		t.Fatal("expected client ban flag to be cleared when enforcement is disabled")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckDeviceLimitJob_ClearStaleBanWhenInboundMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	resetDeviceLimitJobGlobals()
+
+	clientStatusMu.Lock()
+	clientStatus["ghost@example.com"] = true
+	clientStatusMu.Unlock()
+
+	j := NewCheckDeviceLimitJob(nil)
+	j.getAPIPort = func() int { return 10085 }
+	j.apiInit = func(int) error { return nil }
+	j.apiClose = func() {}
+	j.sleep = func(time.Duration) {}
+	j.loadAllInbounds = func() ([]*model.Inbound, error) {
+		return []*model.Inbound{
+			{Id: 2, Enable: true, DeviceLimit: 1, Tag: "inbound-10002", Protocol: model.VLESS},
+		}, nil
+	}
+	j.getClientTraffic = func(email string) (*xray.ClientTraffic, error) {
+		return &xray.ClientTraffic{InboundId: 999, Email: email}, nil
+	}
+	j.getClientByEmail = func(email string) (*xray.ClientTraffic, *model.Client, error) {
+		t.Fatal("GetClientByEmail should not be called when inbound is missing")
+		return nil, nil, nil
+	}
+	j.removeUser = func(inboundTag, email string) error {
+		t.Fatal("RemoveUser should not be called when inbound is missing")
+		return nil
+	}
+	j.addUser = func(protocol, inboundTag string, user map[string]any) error {
+		t.Fatal("AddUser should not be called when inbound is missing")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	j.checkAllClientsLimit()
+
+	if j.isClientBanned("ghost@example.com") {
+		t.Fatal("expected stale banned status to be cleared when inbound no longer exists")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/web/service/inbound.go b/web/service/inbound.go
index 669827b4..e0daa47f 100644
--- a/web/service/inbound.go
+++ b/web/service/inbound.go
@@ -489,6 +489,7 @@ func (s *InboundService) UpdateInbound(inbound *model.Inbound) (*model.Inbound,
 	oldInbound.Remark = inbound.Remark
 	oldInbound.Enable = inbound.Enable
 	oldInbound.ExpiryTime = inbound.ExpiryTime
+	oldInbound.DeviceLimit = inbound.DeviceLimit
 	oldInbound.TrafficReset = inbound.TrafficReset
 	oldInbound.Listen = inbound.Listen
 	oldInbound.Port = inbound.Port
diff --git a/web/service/setting.go b/web/service/setting.go
index 472d1fe9..ce855791 100644
--- a/web/service/setting.go
+++ b/web/service/setting.go
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ func saveSettings(settings map[string]string) error {
 func getXrayTemplateConfigFromDB() (string, error) {
 	db := database.GetDB()
 	setting := &model.Setting{}
-	err := db.Model(model.Setting{}).Where("key = ?", "xrayTemplateConfig").First(setting).Error
+	err := db.Model(model.Setting{}).Where("`key` = ?", "xrayTemplateConfig").First(setting).Error
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ func getXrayTemplateConfigFromDB() (string, error) {
 func saveXrayTemplateConfigToDB(value string) error {
 	db := database.GetDB()
 	setting := &model.Setting{}
-	err := db.Model(model.Setting{}).Where("key = ?", "xrayTemplateConfig").First(setting).Error
+	err := db.Model(model.Setting{}).Where("`key` = ?", "xrayTemplateConfig").First(setting).Error
 	if database.IsNotFound(err) {
 		return db.Create(&model.Setting{
 			Key:   "xrayTemplateConfig",
diff --git a/web/service/xray.go b/web/service/xray.go
index 511ffdda..b9d4a74a 100644
--- a/web/service/xray.go
+++ b/web/service/xray.go
@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ func (s *XrayService) IsXrayRunning() bool {
 	return p != nil && p.IsRunning()
 }
 
+// GetAPIPort returns the currently configured Xray API port.
+func (s *XrayService) GetAPIPort() int {
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return p.GetAPIPort()
+}
+
 // GetXrayErr returns the error from the Xray process, if any.
 func (s *XrayService) GetXrayErr() error {
 	if p == nil {
diff --git a/web/translation/translate.en_US.toml b/web/translation/translate.en_US.toml
index 047ba4a7..4a21c4f6 100644
--- a/web/translation/translate.en_US.toml
+++ b/web/translation/translate.en_US.toml
@@ -215,6 +215,8 @@
 "monitorDesc" = "Leave blank to listen on all IPs"
 "meansNoLimit" = "= Unlimited. (unit: GB)"
 "totalFlow" = "Total Flow"
+"deviceLimit" = "Device Limit"
+"deviceLimitDesc" = "Max active devices/IPs allowed for this inbound. (0 = unlimited)"
 "leaveBlankToNeverExpire" = "Leave blank to never expire"
 "noRecommendKeepDefault" = "It is recommended to keep the default"
 "certificatePath" = "File Path"
diff --git a/web/translation/translate.zh_CN.toml b/web/translation/translate.zh_CN.toml
index 73d71b60..7efede28 100644
--- a/web/translation/translate.zh_CN.toml
+++ b/web/translation/translate.zh_CN.toml
@@ -215,6 +215,8 @@
 "monitorDesc" = "留空表示监听所有 IP"
 "meansNoLimit" = "= 无限制（单位：GB)"
 "totalFlow" = "总流量"
+"deviceLimit" = "设备限制"
+"deviceLimitDesc" = "限制该入站可同时在线的设备/IP 数量（0 = 不限制）"
 "leaveBlankToNeverExpire" = "留空表示永不过期"
 "noRecommendKeepDefault" = "建议保留默认值"
 "certificatePath" = "文件路径"
diff --git a/web/web.go b/web/web.go
index 60934048..9e8eef91 100644
--- a/web/web.go
+++ b/web/web.go
@@ -319,7 +319,9 @@ func (s *Server) startTask() {
 	}()
 
 	// check client ips from log file every 10 sec
-	s.cron.AddJob("@every 10s", job.NewCheckClientIpJob())
+	s.cron.AddJob("@every 10s", job.NewCheckClientIpJob(&s.xrayService))
+	// check active device limits every 10 sec
+	s.cron.AddJob("@every 10s", job.NewCheckDeviceLimitJob(&s.xrayService))
 
 	// check client ips from log file every day
 	s.cron.AddJob("@daily", job.NewClearLogsJob())
diff --git a/xray/process.go b/xray/process.go
index 009ec7a5..e7fb5462 100644
--- a/xray/process.go
+++ b/xray/process.go
@@ -93,6 +93,49 @@ func GetAccessLogPath() (string, error) {
 	return "", err
 }
 
+// GetAPIPortFromConfig reads the Xray config and returns the API inbound port.
+func GetAPIPortFromConfig() (int, error) {
+	config, err := os.ReadFile(GetConfigPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warningf("Failed to read configuration file: %s", err)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	jsonConfig := map[string]any{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(config, &jsonConfig); err != nil {
+		logger.Warningf("Failed to parse JSON configuration: %s", err)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	rawInbounds, ok := jsonConfig["inbounds"].([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("xray config does not contain inbounds")
+	}
+
+	for _, rawInbound := range rawInbounds {
+		inbound, ok := rawInbound.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if inbound["tag"] != "api" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch port := inbound["port"].(type) {
+		case float64:
+			if port > 0 {
+				return int(port), nil
+			}
+		case int:
+			if port > 0 {
+				return port, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("api inbound port not found in xray config")
+}
+
 // stopProcess calls Stop on the given Process instance.
 func stopProcess(p *Process) {
 	p.Stop()