diff --git a/database/model/model.go b/database/model/model.go
index b3764e5e..2d44d104 100644
--- a/database/model/model.go
+++ b/database/model/model.go
@@ -21,12 +21,8 @@ const (
 	Shadowsocks Protocol = "shadowsocks"
 	Mixed       Protocol = "mixed"
 	WireGuard   Protocol = "wireguard"
-	// UI stores Hysteria v1 and v2 both as "hysteria" and uses
-	// settings.version to discriminate. Imports from outside the panel
-	// can carry the literal "hysteria2" string, so IsHysteria below
-	// accepts both.
-	Hysteria  Protocol = "hysteria"
-	Hysteria2 Protocol = "hysteria2"
+	Hysteria    Protocol = "hysteria"
+	Hysteria2   Protocol = "hysteria2"
 )
 
 // IsHysteria returns true for both "hysteria" and "hysteria2".
@@ -38,9 +34,10 @@ func IsHysteria(p Protocol) bool {
 
 // User represents a user account in the 3x-ui panel.
 type User struct {
-	Id       int    `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement"`
-	Username string `json:"username"`
-	Password string `json:"password"`
+	Id         int    `json:"id" gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement"`
+	Username   string `json:"username"`
+	Password   string `json:"password"`
+	LoginEpoch int64  `json:"-" gorm:"default:0"`
 }
 
 // Inbound represents an Xray inbound configuration with traffic statistics and settings.
@@ -66,12 +63,7 @@ type Inbound struct {
 	StreamSettings string   `json:"streamSettings" form:"streamSettings"`
 	Tag            string   `json:"tag" form:"tag" gorm:"unique"`
 	Sniffing       string   `json:"sniffing" form:"sniffing"`
-
-	// NodeID points at the remote panel (Node) where this inbound's xray
-	// actually runs. NULL means the inbound runs on the local xray (the
-	// pre-multi-node behaviour). Existing rows migrate to NULL with no
-	// backfill.
-	NodeID *int `json:"nodeId,omitempty" form:"nodeId" gorm:"index"`
+	NodeID         *int     `json:"nodeId,omitempty" form:"nodeId" gorm:"index"`
 }
 
 // OutboundTraffics tracks traffic statistics for Xray outbound connections.
diff --git a/web/service/user.go b/web/service/user.go
index e5544d5a..28970e7b 100644
--- a/web/service/user.go
+++ b/web/service/user.go
@@ -122,7 +122,11 @@ func (s *UserService) UpdateUser(id int, username string, password string) error
 
 	return db.Model(model.User{}).
 		Where("id = ?", id).
-		Updates(map[string]any{"username": username, "password": hashedPassword}).
+		Updates(map[string]any{
+			"username":    username,
+			"password":    hashedPassword,
+			"login_epoch": gorm.Expr("login_epoch + 1"),
+		}).
 		Error
 }
 
@@ -150,5 +154,6 @@ func (s *UserService) UpdateFirstUser(username string, password string) error {
 	}
 	user.Username = username
 	user.Password = hashedPassword
+	user.LoginEpoch++
 	return db.Save(user).Error
 }
diff --git a/web/session/session.go b/web/session/session.go
index b7340922..cb3c6b09 100644
--- a/web/session/session.go
+++ b/web/session/session.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	loginUserKey      = "LOGIN_USER"
+	loginEpochKey     = "LOGIN_EPOCH"
 	apiAuthUserKey    = "api_auth_user"
 	sessionCookieName = "3x-ui"
 )
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ func SetLoginUser(c *gin.Context, user *model.User) error {
 	}
 	s := sessions.Default(c)
 	s.Set(loginUserKey, user.Id)
+	s.Set(loginEpochKey, user.LoginEpoch)
 	return s.Save()
 }
 
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ func GetLoginUser(c *gin.Context) *model.User {
 	userID, ok := sessionUserID(obj)
 	if !ok {
 		s.Delete(loginUserKey)
+		s.Delete(loginEpochKey)
 		if err := s.Save(); err != nil {
 			logger.Warning("session: failed to drop stale user payload:", err)
 		}
@@ -68,14 +71,41 @@ func GetLoginUser(c *gin.Context) *model.User {
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Warning("session: failed to load user:", err)
 		s.Delete(loginUserKey)
+		s.Delete(loginEpochKey)
 		if saveErr := s.Save(); saveErr != nil {
 			logger.Warning("session: failed to drop missing user:", saveErr)
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
+	if !sessionEpochMatches(s.Get(loginEpochKey), user.LoginEpoch) {
+		s.Delete(loginUserKey)
+		s.Delete(loginEpochKey)
+		if saveErr := s.Save(); saveErr != nil {
+			logger.Warning("session: failed to drop stale epoch:", saveErr)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 	return user
 }
 
+func sessionEpochMatches(cookieVal any, userEpoch int64) bool {
+	var got int64
+	switch v := cookieVal.(type) {
+	case nil:
+	case int64:
+		got = v
+	case int:
+		got = int64(v)
+	case int32:
+		got = int64(v)
+	case float64:
+		got = int64(v)
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+	return got == userEpoch
+}
+
 func IsLogin(c *gin.Context) bool {
 	return GetLoginUser(c) != nil
 }